Arteriovenous fistula after biopsy of renal transplant kidney: diagnosis and treatment.

An 11-year-old renal transplant recipient was noted to have a bruit over her transplant graft 26 months post transplant and 17 months following percutaneous renal biopsy during an episode of rejection. Diagnosis of an arteriovenous (AV) fistula was made by ultrasound examination with Doppler flow and was confirmed with arteriography. The AV fistula was occluded by transcatheter embolotherapy with placement of a steel coil into the fistula from the renal vein approach. This procedure allowed nonsurgical closure of the AV shunt without significant change in renal function.