Hawkins R E, Llewelyn M B, Russell S J
Medical Research Council Centre, Cambridge.
BMJ. 1992 Nov 28;305(6865):1348-52. doi: 10.1136/bmj.305.6865.1348.
Techniques for antibody engineering are now overcoming the problems that have prevented monoclonal antibodies being used routinely in clinical practice. With chemical and genetic manipulation antibodies can be linked to bacterial toxins, enzymes, radionuclides, or cytotoxic drugs, allowing targeting of treatment. Antigen binding sites from antibodies raised in mice can be jointed with human IgG to reduce immunogenicity. In vitro gene amplification and genetic engineering of bacteriophage have produced large antibody gene libraries and facilitated large scale production of human monoclonal antibodies with high specificity. The trickle of monoclonal antibodies into clinical practice may soon become a flood.
抗体工程技术目前正在克服那些阻碍单克隆抗体在临床实践中常规使用的问题。通过化学和基因操作，抗体可以与细菌毒素、酶、放射性核素或细胞毒性药物相连，实现靶向治疗。从小鼠体内产生的抗体的抗原结合位点可以与人IgG连接，以降低免疫原性。体外基因扩增和噬菌体的基因工程已经产生了大型抗体基因文库，并促进了具有高特异性的人单克隆抗体的大规模生产。单克隆抗体在临床实践中的涓涓细流可能很快会变成洪流。
