Rowland L A, Zeelan J, Waismann L C
Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Denmark Hill, London, UK.
Br J Clin Psychol. 1992 Nov;31(4):405-17. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1992.tb01015.x.
Mental health services are organized and financed in very different ways across Europe; nevertheless there are a number of common trends and issues. In this paper we deal with some of those issues which influence the quality of services to those with long-term and severe mental health problems and disabilities. The most obvious trend has been the rundown of psychiatric beds particularly in the large mental hospitals and this in its turn has given rise to the problem of providing alternative services. Throughout Europe people are striving, with mixed success, to establish new services that are community orientated, provide reasonable levels of clinical care with some continuity and coordination, and ensure that the individuals served have appropriate accommodation and day-time activities. While there are some excellent services, there are even more services throughout Europe struggling to solve common problems. We have tried to draw some lessons from their efforts.
欧洲各国的心理健康服务在组织和资金来源方面存在很大差异；然而，仍有一些共同的趋势和问题。在本文中，我们探讨了一些影响为长期患有严重心理健康问题和残疾人士提供服务质量的问题。最明显的趋势是精神病床位的减少，尤其是在大型精神病医院，这反过来又引发了提供替代服务的问题。在整个欧洲，人们都在努力建立以社区为导向的新服务，提供合理水平的临床护理，并保持一定的连续性和协调性，同时确保服务对象有适当的住所和日间活动。虽然有一些出色的服务，但欧洲各地仍有更多的服务机构在努力解决共同的问题。我们试图从他们的努力中吸取一些经验教训。
