Cerretelli P
Département de Physiologie, C. M. U. Genève, Switzerland.
Int J Sports Med. 1992 Oct;13 Suppl 1:S106-10. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1024610.
The basic energy yielding mechanisms of muscle contraction are reviewed and the main structural and functional features of human muscle are compared with those of some common athletic animal species. Sex and age related muscle power (alactic) characteristics are examined in both sedentary and athletic subjects. Recent measurements of the kinetics of contraction of the O2 debt by NMR spectroscopy by the human plantar flexors are shown. The main features of anaerobic (lactic) exercise in untrained and trained subjects, as a function of sex, age and environmental conditions (high altitude), are described with particular emphasis on the so-called lactic anaerobic threshold. With regard to aerobic exercise, the main determinants of O2 transport to the tissues are reviewed and an update of the factors limiting human performance is made. The possible causes of arterial O2 desaturation in athletes, both at sea level and at altitude, are discussed. A comparative analysis between man and woman of the progress of the records of some typical competitions is made and possible implications are discussed. The potential role of some commonly used physiological and/or paraphysiological procedures for improving the performance is analyzed.
本文回顾了肌肉收缩的基本能量产生机制，并将人类肌肉的主要结构和功能特征与一些常见运动动物物种的特征进行了比较。研究了久坐不动和运动人群中与性别和年龄相关的肌肉力量（非乳酸）特征。展示了最近通过核磁共振光谱法对人类足底屈肌消耗氧债的收缩动力学进行的测量结果。描述了未经训练和训练有素的受试者进行无氧（乳酸）运动的主要特征，这些特征是性别、年龄和环境条件（高海拔）的函数，特别强调了所谓的乳酸无氧阈值。关于有氧运动，回顾了氧气输送到组织的主要决定因素，并更新了限制人类运动表现的因素。讨论了运动员在海平面和高海拔地区动脉血氧饱和度降低的可能原因。对一些典型比赛记录在男性和女性中的进展进行了比较分析，并讨论了可能的影响。分析了一些常用的生理和/或准生理程序对提高运动表现的潜在作用。
