Yip R, Parvanta I, Scanlon K, Borland E W, Russell C M, Trowbridge F L
MMWR CDC Surveill Summ. 1992 Nov 27;41(7):1-24.
The CDC Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System (PedNSS) monitors the general health and nutritional characteristics of low-income U.S. children who participate in multiple public health programs. This system is intended to characterize trends and patterns in key indicators of nutritional status so that the information can be used for program planning and targeting. The indicators monitored by PedNSS are birth weight, childhood growth status, anemia, and breast-feeding patterns. From 1980 through 1991, the trends for low birth weight, low height-for-age (shortness), low weight-for-height (thinness), and high weight-for-height (overweight) were stable for all children monitored by the PedNSS, with the exception of Asian children, who were predominantly of Southeast Asian refugee background. In the early 1980s, the prevalence of low birth weight and shortness was higher among Asian children than among children of other racial or ethnic groups who were monitored by the PedNSS. However, these prevalences declined steadily from 1980 through 1991. By 1991, the prevalences of low birth weight and shortness for Asian children were similar to those observed for children of other races/ethnic groups. Overall, low-income U.S. children had a slightly lower height-for-age than expected, indicating that some of these children were at a health and nutritional disadvantage. The prevalence of overweight varied among different racial/ethnic groups; Hispanic and Native American children had the highest prevalences of overweight. The 20%-30% prevalence of anemia among low-income children monitored by the PedNSS was higher than among the general population, reflecting in part the preferential enrollment and retention of anemic children by public health nutrition programs and also indicating that many children had inadequate iron nutrition. From 1980 through 1991, the prevalence of anemia declined > 5% for most of the age- and race/ethnicity-specific groups monitored by PedNSS. That decline represents an improvement in iron nutritional status. PedNSS is a useful system for the monitoring and characterization of the nutrition status of low-income children at both state and national levels.
美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）的儿科营养监测系统（PedNSS）对参与多项公共卫生项目的美国低收入儿童的总体健康状况和营养特征进行监测。该系统旨在描绘营养状况关键指标的趋势和模式，以便这些信息能够用于项目规划和目标设定。PedNSS监测的指标包括出生体重、儿童生长状况、贫血和母乳喂养模式。1980年至1991年期间，PedNSS监测的所有儿童中，低出生体重、低年龄别身高（身材矮小）、低身高别体重（消瘦）和高身高别体重（超重）的趋势保持稳定，但以东南亚难民背景为主的亚洲儿童除外。20世纪80年代初，亚洲儿童中低出生体重和身材矮小的患病率高于PedNSS监测的其他种族或族裔儿童。然而，从1980年到1991年，这些患病率稳步下降。到1991年，亚洲儿童中低出生体重和身材矮小的患病率与其他种族/族裔儿童的患病率相似。总体而言，美国低收入儿童的年龄别身高略低于预期，这表明其中一些儿童在健康和营养方面处于劣势。超重患病率在不同种族/族裔群体中有所不同；西班牙裔和美国原住民儿童超重患病率最高。PedNSS监测的低收入儿童中20%-30%的贫血患病率高于一般人群，这部分反映了公共卫生营养项目对贫血儿童的优先招募和留存，也表明许多儿童存在铁营养不足的情况。1980年至1991年期间，PedNSS监测的大多数年龄和种族/族裔特定群体的贫血患病率下降超过5%。这一下降代表着铁营养状况的改善。PedNSS是一个在州和国家层面监测和描绘低收入儿童营养状况的有用系统。
