妇女、婴儿和儿童营养补充计划（WIC）及医疗补助计划（Medicaid）对美国婴儿死亡率的影响。
The effect of WIC and Medicaid on infant mortality in the United States.
作者信息
Moss N, Carver K
机构信息
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Md, USA.
出版信息
Am J Public Health. 1998 Sep;88(9):1354-61. doi: 10.2105/ajph.88.9.1354.
OBJECTIVES
This study examine the impact of participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and Medicaid on risk of infant death in the United States.
METHODS
The 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey was used to consider the risk of endogenous and exogenous death among infants of women participating in WIC and Medicaid during pregnancy and the infant's first year.
RESULTS
Participation in the WIC program during pregnancy and infancy was associated with a reduced risk of endogenous and exogenous infant deaths (odds ratios [ORs] = 0.68 and 0.62, respectively). The risk of endogenous death among infants whose mothers participated in Medicaid during pregnancy was equal to that of the privately insured (OR = 1.04). Uninsured infants faced higher risks of endogenous death (OR = 1.42).
CONCLUSIONS
These results show that it is important to consider the net effect of WIC and Medicaid participation and to differentiate both the timing of program receipt and cause of death. Evidence suggests that WIC and Medicaid programs have beneficial effects for poor women and their infants.
目的
本研究考察参与妇女、婴儿和儿童特别补充营养计划（WIC）及医疗补助计划对美国婴儿死亡风险的影响。
方法
采用1988年全国母婴健康调查，考量孕期及婴儿出生后第一年参与WIC和医疗补助计划的妇女所生婴儿的内源性和外源性死亡风险。
结果
孕期及婴儿期参与WIC计划与内源性和外源性婴儿死亡风险降低相关（优势比[OR]分别为0.68和0.62）。母亲孕期参与医疗补助计划的婴儿，其内源性死亡风险与有私人保险的婴儿相当（OR = 1.04）。未参保婴儿面临更高的内源性死亡风险（OR = 1.42）。
结论
这些结果表明，考量参与WIC和医疗补助计划的净效应以及区分计划受益时间和死亡原因很重要。有证据表明，WIC和医疗补助计划对贫困妇女及其婴儿有有益影响。
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