Miller B L, Mena I, Giombetti R, Villanueva-Meyer J, Djenderedjian A H
Department of Neurology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance 90509.
J Addict Dis. 1992;11(4):47-58. doi: 10.1300/J069v11n04_04.
Cocaine causes serious neurologic and neuropsychiatric complications. Cocaine-induced seizures are common and appear to be due to the local anaesthetic actions of this compound. Cocaine induced stroke has varied mechanisms. With ischemic stroke there is severe vasospasm induced by rises in brain catecholamines. These changes can persist for many weeks and can be demonstrated using single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT). In many patients with psychiatric symptoms such as psychosis or mania, SPECT demonstrates similar changes in cerebral blood flow. In fact, some of the psychiatric symptoms induced by cocaine may be due to decreases in cerebral blood flow. In cocaine abuse, treatment strategies based on decreasing cerebral vasospasm need to be developed.
可卡因会引发严重的神经和神经精神并发症。可卡因诱发的癫痫发作很常见，似乎是由于该化合物的局部麻醉作用所致。可卡因诱发的中风有多种机制。对于缺血性中风，脑内儿茶酚胺水平升高会导致严重的血管痉挛。这些变化可能会持续数周，并且可以通过单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）显示出来。在许多有精神病症状（如精神病或躁狂症）的患者中，SPECT显示脑血流有类似变化。事实上，可卡因诱发的一些精神症状可能是由于脑血流减少所致。在可卡因滥用方面，需要制定基于减轻脑血管痉挛的治疗策略。
