Mohandas N
Life Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley 94720.
Biochem Soc Trans. 1992 Nov;20(4):776-82. doi: 10.1042/bst0200776.
An unusual combination of membrane properties allows the red cell to undergo extensive deformation without cell fragmentation, enabling it to effectively perform its function of oxygen delivery during its long life span in the circulation. These material properties are the consequence of a composite structure in which a plasma membrane envelope made up of amphiphilic surfactant molecules is anchored to a network of skeletal proteins through tethering sites (transmembrane proteins) in the bilayer. Explosive growth in our understanding of the primary structure of the various red cell membrane proteins, definition of specific mutations in various red phenotypes, and detailed biophysical characterization of membrane properties of normal and mutant red cells has enabled development of models of molecular and structural basis for red cell properties.
红细胞具有不同寻常的膜特性组合，使其能够发生广泛变形而不发生细胞破碎，从而在其漫长的循环寿命中有效地履行其输送氧气的功能。这些物质特性是一种复合结构的结果，在该复合结构中，由两亲性表面活性剂分子构成的质膜包膜通过双层中的连接位点（跨膜蛋白）锚定到骨架蛋白网络上。我们对各种红细胞膜蛋白一级结构的理解有了飞跃式进展，明确了各种红细胞表型中的特定突变，以及对正常和突变红细胞膜特性进行了详细的生物物理表征，这些都推动了红细胞特性分子和结构基础模型的建立。
