Bowler S, Sheon A R, D'Angelo L J, Vermund S H
Maya Tech Corporation, Silver Spring, MD.
J Adolesc. 1992 Dec;15(4):345-71. doi: 10.1016/0140-1971(92)90069-h.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are growing problems among U.S. adolescents. By examining recent data on AIDS surveillance and HIV seroprevalence, surveys on teenagers' knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors related to HIV/AIDS, key treatment issues, and barriers to prevention, this manuscript reviews the problem and proposes possible ways of combating it. African American youth have the highest rates of AIDS and white youth the lowest. However, the largest number of AIDS cases overall has been recorded in white males, reflecting relatively high case rates in boys with hemophilia and in young male homosexuals. Predominant HIV risk factors for adolescents are unprotected sex and/or sharing injection drug equipment with an infected partner. Relatively high rates of HIV infection in adolescent females may indicate their greater physiological vulnerability than adult females to sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Data from HIV seroprevalence studies suggest a substantially increased heterosexual epidemic in the 1990s, especially in large east coast cities and southeastern rural areas where drug use and/or STDs are highly prevalent. More comprehensive prevention and treatment services are needed to prevent ongoing expansion of HIV infection and AIDS in the adolescent age group.
获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病）和人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）在美国青少年中日益成为问题。通过审视近期艾滋病监测数据和HIV血清流行率、关于青少年与HIV/AIDS相关知识、观念及行为的调查、关键治疗问题以及预防障碍，本手稿回顾了该问题并提出了可能的应对方法。非裔美国青年的艾滋病发病率最高，白人青年的发病率最低。然而，总体上艾滋病病例数最多的是白人男性，这反映出血友病男孩和年轻男同性恋者的发病率相对较高。青少年主要的HIV风险因素是无保护性行为和/或与感染伴侣共用注射毒品器具。青少年女性中相对较高的HIV感染率可能表明她们在生理上比成年女性更容易感染性传播疾病（STD）。HIV血清流行率研究的数据表明，20世纪90年代异性传播的疫情大幅增加，尤其是在东海岸大城市和东南部农村地区，那里毒品使用和/或性传播疾病非常普遍。需要更全面的预防和治疗服务，以防止HIV感染和艾滋病在青少年年龄组中持续蔓延。
