Schmidt G, Kallieris D
Institut für Rechtsmedizin, Universität Heidelberg.
Beitr Gerichtl Med. 1992;50:21-9.
The report initially discuss the properties and application of tempered glass (TG) and laminated glass (LG) in motor vehicles. Although the trunk and extremities are injured these injuries are seldom life threatening. In contrast, head or neck injuries present a greater threat to life. Especially serious are TG injuries resulting in blindness. The resultant vehicle damage can appear not only as isolated glass cracking, which occurs regularly accompanying injuries without loss of consciousness, but as deformation of the vehicle interior adjacent to the windscreen. In the cases where more solid structures are impacted fatal injuries are possible. This report presents detail both of some real accident investigations and of 9 simulated oblique collisions using 9 post mortem human subjects (PMHS's). In these 9 simulations the head impacted during the primary impact phase against side windows constructed from TG. A modified tempered glass construction (two plates sandwiching a 3 mm air layer) was also tested. Impact angles were 35 to 45 degrees. The severity of facial laceration was dependent on collision severity, type of glass and glass damage resulting from head impact. Minor or severe cutting injuries of the face were caused. Only through the investigation of real accidents and accident simulations can occupant safety be improved.
该报告首先讨论了钢化玻璃（TG）和夹层玻璃（LG）在机动车中的特性及应用。虽然躯干和四肢受伤，但这些损伤很少危及生命。相比之下，头部或颈部受伤对生命构成更大威胁。特别严重的是导致失明的TG损伤。车辆造成的损坏不仅可能表现为孤立的玻璃破裂（这种情况在受伤且未失去意识时经常发生），还可能表现为靠近挡风玻璃的车内变形。在更坚固结构受到撞击的情况下，可能会导致致命伤害。本报告详细介绍了一些实际事故调查以及使用9具尸体（PMHS）进行的9次模拟斜向碰撞情况。在这9次模拟中，头部在初次撞击阶段撞击由TG制成的侧窗。还测试了一种改良的钢化玻璃结构（两块板夹着3毫米空气层）。撞击角度为35至45度。面部撕裂伤的严重程度取决于碰撞的严重程度、玻璃类型以及头部撞击导致的玻璃损坏情况。造成了面部轻微或严重的割伤。只有通过实际事故和事故模拟的调查，才能提高驾乘人员的安全性。
