Lehmann M, Gastmann U, Petersen K G, Bachl N, Seidel A, Khalaf A N, Fischer S, Keul J
Department of Sports and Performance Medicine, University Clinic Freiburg, Germany.
Br J Sports Med. 1992 Dec;26(4):233-42. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.26.4.233.
Performance and hormones were determined in eight middle- and nine long-distance runners after an increase in training volume (ITV, February 1989) or intensity (ITI, February 1990). Seven runners participated in both studies. The objective was to cause an overtraining syndrome. The mean training volume of 85.9 km week-1 increased within 3 weeks to 176.6 km week-1 during ITV and 96-98% of training volume was performed as long-distance runs at mean(s.d.) 67(8)% of maximum capacity. Speed endurance, high-speed and interval runs averaging 9 km week-1 increased within 3 weeks to 22.7 km during ITI, and the total volume increased from 61.6 to 84.7 km. A plateau in endurance performance and decrease in maximum performance occurred during ITV, probably due to overtraining, with performance incompetence over months. Nocturnal catecholamine excretion decreased markedly (47-53%), contrary to exercise-related plasma catecholamine responses, which increased. Resting and exercise-related cortisol and aldosterone levels decreased. Improvement in endurance and maximum performance occurred during ITI indicating a failure to cause an overtraining syndrome in ITI. Decrease in noctural catecholamine excretion was clearly lower (9-26%), exercise-related catecholamine responses showed a significant decrease, cortisol and aldosterone levels remained almost constant, exercise-related prolactin levels decreased slightly. There were no differences in insulin, C-peptide, free testosterone, somatotropic hormone (STH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). The decrease in nocturnal catecholamine excretion during ITV might indicate a decrease in intrinsic sympathetic activity in exhausted sportsmen. But it remains open whether this reflected a central nervous system incompetence.
在训练量增加（ITV，1989年2月）或强度增加（ITI，1990年2月）后，对8名中长跑运动员和9名长跑运动员的运动表现和激素水平进行了测定。7名运动员参与了两项研究。目的是引发过度训练综合征。在ITV期间，平均每周85.9公里的训练量在3周内增加到了每周176.6公里，且96 - 98%的训练量为长跑，平均速度为最大能力的67(8)%。平均每周9公里的速度耐力、高速和间歇跑在ITI期间3周内增加到了22.7公里，总量从61.6公里增加到了84.7公里。在ITV期间，耐力表现出现平台期且最大表现下降，可能是由于过度训练，数月来表现不佳。夜间儿茶酚胺排泄显著减少（47 - 53%），与运动相关的血浆儿茶酚胺反应增加相反。静息及运动相关的皮质醇和醛固酮水平下降。在ITI期间耐力和最大表现有所改善，表明在ITI中未能引发过度训练综合征。夜间儿茶酚胺排泄的减少明显更低（9 - 26%），运动相关的儿茶酚胺反应显著下降，皮质醇和醛固酮水平几乎保持不变，运动相关的催乳素水平略有下降。胰岛素、C肽、游离睾酮、生长激素（STH）、促卵泡激素（FSH）、促黄体生成素（LH）、促甲状腺激素（TSH）、三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T3）和甲状腺素（T4）方面没有差异。ITV期间夜间儿茶酚胺排泄的减少可能表明疲惫运动员的内在交感神经活动降低。但这是否反映了中枢神经系统功能不全仍不明确。
