Sport Performance Optimisation Research Team, School of Health Science, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1322, Launceston, TAS, 7250, Australia.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2019 Sep;119(9):2001-2009. doi: 10.1007/s00421-019-04187-6. Epub 2019 Jul 18.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an ultra-marathon on heart rate variability (HRV) and psychometric indices in endurance runners. In addition, we aimed to determine the magnitude of change and subsequent recovery for 7 days following the race.
Recreationally trained runners (n = 13 (8M); age = 36.6 ± 7.6 years; height = 174 ± 9 cm; weight = 70.5 ± 9.3 kg) completed measures of HRV upon waking in the morning for 1 week prior to and 1 week following a 64-km running race. Profile of mood states, wellbeing, and muscular soreness were also measured throughout the study period to further contextualise recovery.
An increase in heart rate accompanied by decreased LnSDNN, LnRMSSD, LnLF, LnHF, and LnLF/HF from baseline were observed 1 day post-race (p < 0.05). Indices of HRV had returned to baseline on day 2 of recovery. Perceptual fatigue and muscle soreness increased post-race (immediately following and on day 1 of recovery) (p < 0.05) and took until day 5 of recovery to return to baseline.
The results indicate that cardiac autonomic control is significantly altered in response to a 64 km ultra-marathon. Specifically, parasympathetic activity is suppressed. The change in autonomic control was relatively short-lived, and parasympathetic-related indices had returned to baseline 2 days after the event. Subjective measures of fatigue and wellbeing suggest that athletes were not completely recovered until day 5 post-event, with muscular soreness remaining prominent during this period. A combination of physiological and psychological parameters is important to contextualise recovery in ultra-endurance runners.
本研究旨在探讨超长马拉松对耐力跑者心率变异性(HRV)和心理计量指标的影响。此外,我们还旨在确定比赛结束后 7 天内这些指标的变化幅度和随后的恢复情况。
本研究招募了 13 名(8 名男性;年龄 36.6±7.6 岁;身高 174±9cm;体重 70.5±9.3kg)有经验的跑者,在参加 64 公里长跑比赛前一周和比赛后一周的早晨醒来时,连续一周测量 HRV。在整个研究期间,还测量了心境状态、幸福感和肌肉酸痛等指标,以进一步了解恢复情况。
与基线相比,比赛后 1 天观察到心率升高,LnSDNN、LnRMSSD、LnLF、LnHF 和 LnLF/HF 降低(p<0.05)。在恢复的第 2 天,HRV 指数已恢复到基线水平。比赛后即刻和恢复的第 1 天,感知疲劳和肌肉酸痛增加(p<0.05),直到恢复的第 5 天才恢复到基线水平。
结果表明,心脏自主神经控制在 64 公里超长马拉松比赛中发生了显著变化。具体来说,副交感神经活动受到抑制。自主神经控制的变化相对短暂,比赛结束后 2 天,副交感相关指标已恢复到基线水平。疲劳和幸福感的主观测量表明,运动员直到比赛结束后第 5 天才完全恢复,在此期间肌肉酸痛仍然明显。综合生理和心理参数对于理解超长耐力跑者的恢复情况很重要。