Salvaggio J E
Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA 70112.
Allergy Proc. 1992 Nov-Dec;13(6):335-44. doi: 10.2500/108854192778816861.
The Columbian Exchange has been described as "the most important event in human history since the end of the Ice Age." This interchange of many species of fauna, flora, fowl, and fruits resulted in new encounters between New and Old World inhabitants. Prominent among these were manifestations of allergic reactions to many of the new substances. Little imagination is required to reflect on what these substances, added to or detracted from both the New and Old World lifestyles, habits, and diets. The numerous peas, vegetable seeds, and grasses, such as sugarcane, introduced during Columbus' later voyages, made an enormous difference in the lives of New World inhabitants, as did the introduction of the cow and horse, not to mention substances such as coconuts and bananas, that are now intimately associated with the Caribbean and the Bahamas. This article focuses on some the more important exchange substances and emphasizes many forms of anaphylaxis: asthma, food allergy, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, chronic bronchitis, rhinitis, serum sickness, and other conditions that developed in both New and Old World inhabitants. To mention only a few examples, the Europeans introduced to the New World potential dangers such as honeybees (anaphylaxis). It also gave the New World the cow and the horse (serum sickness), which became the constant companion of Columbus' Indians and the American cowboy. It gave the Italians their thick red gravy, and the New World its pizza (food allergy). The Caribbean received bananas and coconuts and the New World embraced coffee (caffeine addiction). On the other hand, the exchange also caused Europeans to begin puffing away on tobacco.
“哥伦布大交换”被描述为“自冰河时代结束以来人类历史上最重要的事件”。许多种类的动物、植物、禽类和水果的这种交流，导致了新旧世界居民之间的新接触。其中突出的是对许多新物质的过敏反应表现。无需太多想象力就能思考这些物质对新旧世界的生活方式、习惯和饮食产生了怎样的增减影响。在哥伦布后来的航行中引入的众多豌豆、蔬菜种子和草类，如甘蔗，对新世界居民的生活产生了巨大影响，牛和马的引入也是如此，更不用说现在与加勒比地区和巴哈马群岛紧密相关的椰子和香蕉等物质了。本文重点关注一些更重要的交换物质，并强调多种过敏反应形式：哮喘、食物过敏、过敏性肺炎、慢性支气管炎、鼻炎、血清病，以及新旧世界居民中出现的其他病症。仅举几个例子，欧洲人给新世界带来了诸如蜜蜂（过敏反应）等潜在危险。它还把牛和马（血清病）带到了新世界，牛和马成为了哥伦布时代印第安人和美国牛仔的忠实伙伴。它给意大利人带来了浓稠的红肉汁，给新世界带来了披萨（食物过敏）。加勒比地区收到了香蕉和椰子，新世界接受了咖啡（咖啡因成瘾）。另一方面，这种交流也导致欧洲人开始大量吸食烟草。
