High urinary excretion of adrenaline in insulin dependent diabetic subjects.

In view of the hyperglycemic and ketogenic actions of catecholamines, studies on the adrenergic pattern in diabetic patients are relevant to the management of diabetes. We have studied urinary adrenaline and noradrenaline excretion in 4-hour collections in 16 type I diabetic male patients without signs of autonomic or peripheral neuropathy and 11 age-weight matched controls. In diabetic patients adrenaline levels were higher than control subjects (26.8 +/- 3.9 vs 10.7 +/- 3.0 nmol/4h; p < 0.003) but did not differ in respect of noradrenaline (62.6 +/- 6.8 vs 59.6 +/- 10.8 nmol/4h) and creatinine excretion. This finding demonstrates a hyperactivity of the adrenal medulla in diabetic patients without concomitant elevations of noradrenaline. This occurred in absence of hypoglycemia and seems to be a common feature of type I diabetics without complications. Since these levels of adrenaline are sufficient to stimulate both lypolysis and glycogenolysis a previous characterization of adrenomedullary activity may help to better define insulin demands in diabetic patients.