Verheij F, van Loon H
Sophia Children's Hospital, Department of Child Psychiatry, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Acta Paedopsychiatr. 1992;55(4):235-42.
Diagnosis and classification of autism and related pervasive developmental disorders is both easy and difficult. Infantile autism is a characteristic syndrome on which many publications have appeared in the last 50 years. Conversely, the diagnosis and even the classification of children with pervasive developmental disorders related to autism is difficult. Although children with these disorders are twice as numerous as children with infantile autism, growing attention has been directed to at the latter group since the last decade. In this paper, autism and related disorders are described as a developmental disorder as well as a spectrum disorder. The spectrum of clinical symptoms can be explained, of which infantile autism is the most severe and prototypical manifestation. A working model is presented which accounts for all the problems of children with pervasive developmental disorders. An illustration of working with the model in practice is also given. The main lines of treatment and stages in treatment are briefly described.
自闭症及相关广泛性发育障碍的诊断与分类既容易又困难。婴儿自闭症是一种典型综合征，在过去50年里已有许多相关出版物问世。相反，与自闭症相关的广泛性发育障碍儿童的诊断乃至分类都很困难。尽管患有这些障碍的儿童数量是婴儿自闭症儿童的两倍，但自上世纪九十年代以来，人们越来越关注后者。在本文中，自闭症及相关障碍被描述为一种发育障碍以及一种谱系障碍。文中解释了临床症状谱系，其中婴儿自闭症是最严重和最典型的表现。本文提出了一个适用于所有广泛性发育障碍儿童问题的工作模型。还给出了该模型在实际应用中的示例。文中简要描述了治疗的主要思路和治疗阶段。
