Ibars J R, Moreno D A, Ranninger C
Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain.
Microbiologia. 1992 Nov;8(2):63-75.
Stainless steel, developed because of their greater resistance to corrosion in different aggressive environments, have proved to be affected, however, by various processes and types of corrosion. Some of these types of corrosion, mainly pitting, is activated and developed in the presence of microorganisms, which acting in an isolated or symbiotic way, according to their adaptation to the environment, create a favorable situation for the corrosion of these steel. The microorganisms that are involved, mainly bacteria of both the aerobic and anaerobic type, modify the environment where the stainless steel is found, creating crevices, differential aeration zones or a more aggressive environment with the presence of metabolites. In these circumstances, a local break of the passive and passivating layer is produced, which is proper to these types of steel and impedes the repassivation that is more favorable to corrosion. In the study and research of these types of microbiologically influenced corrosion are found electrochemical techniques, since corrosion is fundamentally an electrochemical process, and microbiological techniques for the identification, culture, and evaluation of the microorganisms involved in the process, as well as in the laboratory or field study of microorganism-metal pairs. Microstructural characterization studies of stainless steel have also been considered important, since it is known that the microstructure of steel can substantially modify their behavior when faced with corrosion. As for surface analysis studies, it is known that corrosion is a process that is generated on and progresses from the surface. The ways of dealing with microbiologically influenced corrosion must necessarily include biocides, which are not always usable or successful, the design of industrial equipment or components that do not favor the adherence of microorganisms, using microstructures in steel less sensitive to corrosion, or protecting the materials.
不锈钢因其在不同侵蚀性环境中具有更强的抗腐蚀能力而得以开发，但事实证明，它们会受到各种腐蚀过程和类型的影响。然而，其中一些腐蚀类型，主要是点蚀，是在微生物存在的情况下被激活并发展的。这些微生物根据其对环境的适应性，以孤立或共生的方式作用，为这些钢材的腐蚀创造了有利条件。涉及的微生物主要是好氧和厌氧类型的细菌，它们改变了不锈钢所处的环境，形成缝隙、差异曝气区或因代谢产物的存在而形成更具侵蚀性的环境。在这些情况下，会产生这些类型钢材特有的钝化层局部破裂，这阻碍了更有利于腐蚀的再钝化。在这些类型的微生物影响腐蚀的研究中，由于腐蚀本质上是一个电化学过程，所以采用了电化学技术，以及用于识别、培养和评估该过程中涉及的微生物的微生物技术，还有在实验室或现场对微生物 - 金属对的研究。不锈钢的微观结构表征研究也被认为很重要，因为众所周知，钢材的微观结构在面对腐蚀时会极大地改变其行为。至于表面分析研究，众所周知，腐蚀是一个在表面产生并从表面发展的过程。应对微生物影响腐蚀的方法必然包括使用杀生剂，但杀生剂并非总是可用或有效的，还包括设计不利于微生物附着的工业设备或部件、使用对腐蚀不太敏感的钢材微观结构或对材料进行保护。
