[Current understanding of mucociliary transport].

This review article deals with current understanding of mucociliary transport and its significance for clinical practice. The ultrastructure of cilia and principles of mucociliary clearance in the upper respiratory tract are outlined. Practicable diagnostic measures described are the saccharine test, vital cytological sampling of the nasal mucosa and electron microscopy for ultrastructural studies. Special pathologies such as the immotile cilia syndrome and mucoviscidosis are outlined in their relation to mucociliary transport. Recommendations are given as to how mucociliary transport might be influenced therapeutically.