Froschauer A, Körting C, Bernhardt W, Nanda I, Schmid M, Schartl M, Volff J N
Physiologische Chemie I Biozentrum der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
Mar Biotechnol (NY). 2001 Jun;3(Supplement 1):S72-80. doi: 10.1007/s10126-001-0049-7.
Melanoma formation in certain interspecific hybrids of the genus Xiphophorus (Teleostei: Poeciliidae) is associated with the overexpression of the Xmrk receptor tyrosine kinase oncogene. The Xmrk oncogene arose by duplication of the pre-existing Xmrk protooncogene in a highly unstable subtelomeric region of the X and Y sex chromosomes undergoing frequent rearrangements including duplications, deletions, amplifications, and transpositions. Some of these rearrangements are likely to be responsible for the overexpression of the Xmrk oncogene in melanoma. The oncogene itself is very unstable in Xiphophorus and is frequently removed by deletion or disrupted by transposable elements. The Xmrk oncogene region displays a high concentration of retroelements not observed in the corresponding Xmrk protooncogene region. Particularly, a retrovirus long terminal repeat-like sequence was amplified in the proximity of the Xmrk oncogene. Additional genes, some of them also duplicated copies, were detected in this region and might be involved in modulating the melanoma's phenotype.
剑尾鱼属（硬骨鱼纲：花鳉科）某些种间杂交后代中的黑色素瘤形成与Xmrk受体酪氨酸激酶致癌基因的过表达有关。Xmrk致癌基因是由X和Y性染色体高度不稳定的亚端粒区域中预先存在的Xmrk原癌基因复制产生的，该区域经常发生包括重复、缺失、扩增和易位在内的重排。其中一些重排可能是导致黑色素瘤中Xmrk致癌基因过表达的原因。致癌基因本身在剑尾鱼中非常不稳定，经常通过缺失被去除或被转座元件破坏。Xmrk致癌基因区域显示出在相应的Xmrk原癌基因区域未观察到的大量反转录元件。特别是，一个逆转录病毒长末端重复样序列在Xmrk致癌基因附近被扩增。在该区域还检测到了其他基因，其中一些也是重复拷贝，可能参与调节黑色素瘤的表型。
