Homma Akira, Martins Reinaldo M, Jessouroum Ellen, Oliva Otavio
Instituto de Tecnologia de Imunobiológicos. Bio-Manguinhos/Fiocruz.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos. 2003;10(Suppl 2):671-96.
In very recent years, the federal government has launched important initiatives mean to strengthen science, technology, and innovation in Brazil and thus enhance the results of technological innovation in key areas of the country's economy. Yet these initiatives have not been enough to reduce Brazil's heavy dependence on goods and technology from more developed nations. The article describes the current state of vaccination, production, and technological development of vaccines both internationally and nationally. Some thoughts are also offered on the complexity of vaccine innovation and the various stages whose completion is essential to the whole process of technological development. An analysis is made of the parameters and factors involved in each stage; technical requirements for facilities and equipment; good manufacturing practice guidelines; organizational, infrastructural, and managerial needs; and the lengthy time periods adn high costs entailed in these activities.
近年来，联邦政府发起了重要倡议，旨在加强巴西的科学、技术和创新，从而提高该国经济关键领域的技术创新成果。然而，这些倡议仍不足以减轻巴西对发达国家商品和技术的严重依赖。本文描述了国际和国内疫苗接种、生产及疫苗技术发展的现状。同时也对疫苗创新的复杂性以及技术发展全过程中各个必不可少的阶段进行了思考。分析了每个阶段涉及的参数和因素、设施与设备的技术要求、良好生产规范指南、组织、基础设施和管理需求，以及这些活动所需的漫长时间和高昂成本。
