Department of Biotechnology, Section of Biotechnology and Society, Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentation, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands.
Sci Eng Ethics. 2009 Dec;15(4):531-43. doi: 10.1007/s11948-009-9154-1. Epub 2009 Jul 18.
In the perception of technology innovation two world views compete for domination: technological and social determinism. Technological determinism holds that societal change is caused by technological developments, social determinism holds the opposite. Although both were quite central to discussion in the philosophy, history and sociology of technology in the 1970s and 1980s, neither is seen as mainstream now. They do still play an important role as background philosophies in societal debates and offer two very different perspectives on where the responsibilities for an ethically sound development of novel technologies lie. In this paper we will elaborate on these to two opposing views on technology development taking the recent debate on the implementation of biofuels as a case example.
在技术创新的认知中，两种世界观在争夺主导地位：技术决定论和社会决定论。技术决定论认为，社会变革是由技术发展引起的，而社会决定论则持相反的观点。尽管这两种观点在 20 世纪 70 年代和 80 年代的技术哲学、历史和社会学讨论中都相当核心，但现在都不被视为主流。它们仍然作为社会辩论的背景哲学发挥着重要作用，并为新技术伦理健全发展的责任归属提供了两种截然不同的视角。在本文中，我们将以最近关于生物燃料实施的辩论为例，详细阐述这两种对立的技术发展观点。
