Gilmour J T, Koehler M A, Cabrera M L, Szajdak L, Moore P A
John Gilmour, Inc., P.O. Box 610, Fayetteville, AR 72702, USA.
J Environ Qual. 2004 Jan-Feb;33(1):402-5.
While the poultry industry is a major economic benefit to several areas in the USA, land application of poultry litter to recycle nutrients can lead to impaired surface and ground water quality. Amending poultry litter with alum [Al3(SO4)2 x 14H2O] has received considerable attention as a method of economically reducing ammonia volatilization in the poultry house and soluble phosphorus in runoff waters. The objective of this study was to characterize the effect of alum on broiler litter decomposition and N dynamics under laboratory conditions. Litter that had been amended with alum in the poultry house after each of the first four of five flock cycles (Experiment I) and litter that had been amended with alum after removal from a poultry house after the third flock cycle (Experiment II) were compared with unamended litter in separate studies. The litters in Experiment I were surface-applied to simulate application to grasslands, while the litters in Experiment II were incorporated to simulate application to conventionally tilled crops. The only statistically significant differences in decomposition due to alum occurred early in Experiment II and the differences were small. The only statistically significant differences in net N mineralization, soil inorganic N, and soil NH4+-N in either experiment was found in Experiment I after 70 d of incubation where soil inorganic N was significantly greater for the alum treatment. Thus, alum had little effect on decomposition or N dynamics. Results of many of the studies on litter not amended with alum should be applicable to litters amended with alum to reduce P availability.
虽然家禽业给美国的几个地区带来了重大经济利益，但将家禽粪便用于土地以回收养分可能会导致地表水和地下水水质恶化。用明矾[Al3(SO4)2·14H2O]改良家禽粪便作为一种在经济上减少禽舍氨挥发和径流水中可溶性磷的方法受到了广泛关注。本研究的目的是在实验室条件下，表征明矾对肉鸡粪便分解和氮动态的影响。在单独的研究中，将五个鸡群周期中的前四个周期后在家禽舍中用明矾改良的粪便（实验I）和在第三个鸡群周期后从家禽舍取出后用明矾改良的粪便（实验II）与未改良的粪便进行比较。实验I中的粪便进行表面施用，以模拟在草原上的施用，而实验II中的粪便进行混入处理，以模拟在传统耕作作物上的施用。由于明矾导致的分解方面唯一具有统计学显著差异的情况出现在实验II的早期，且差异很小。在任何一个实验中，净氮矿化、土壤无机氮和土壤铵态氮方面唯一具有统计学显著差异的情况是在实验I中培养70天后发现的，其中明矾处理的土壤无机氮显著更高。因此，明矾对分解或氮动态影响很小。许多关于未用明矾改良的粪便的研究结果应该适用于用明矾改良以降低磷有效性的粪便。
