Guo M, Song W
Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA.
Poult Sci. 2009 Sep;88(9):1782-92. doi: 10.3382/ps.2008-00404.
Alum-treated poultry litter has different chemical composition and biological properties than conventional poultry litter. To develop agronomic application rates for this particular organic fertilizer to cropland, the nutrient value (nutrient plant availability) of alum-treated poultry litter needs to be determined. Typical alum-treated poultry litter was collected from a broiler farm and examined for nutrient content, nutrient release kinetics, and nutrient value by leaching the material for 190 d under simulated weathering conditions. Nutrients recovered in the leachate were characterized and treated as the potentially plant-available portion. The artificial leaching revealed that alum-treated poultry litter released 21.4 g of dissolved organic C, 13.8 g of total dissolved N, 0.6 g of total dissolved P, and 34.6 g of K per kilogram into leachate during the 190-d weathering. The predominant nutrient release occurred in the first 5 wk and fit first-order exponential rise-to-maximum models (for dissolved organic C, total dissolved P, total dissolved N, NH4-N, K+, Na+, Cl-, and SO4(2-)) and logarithmic equations (for Ca2+ and Mg2+). The nutrient value of alum-treated poultry litter is estimated at N, 13.8 g.kg(-1); P, 0.75 g.kg(-1); K, 34.6 g.kg(-1); and S, 24.2 g.kg(-1). The concentration of Al in litter leachate remained below 0.2 mM and thus no Al toxicity should be concerned. Based on these results, it is recommended to apply alum-treated poultry litter at 7.3 t.ha(-1) for achieving an N supply of 100 kg.ha(-1) to common field crops while preventing excessive P runoff losses from high test P soils.
与传统家禽粪便相比，经明矾处理的家禽粪便具有不同的化学成分和生物学特性。为了确定这种特殊有机肥料在农田中的农艺施用量，需要测定经明矾处理的家禽粪便的营养价值（养分对植物的有效性）。从一个肉鸡养殖场收集了典型的经明矾处理的家禽粪便，并通过在模拟风化条件下对该材料进行190天的淋溶，来检测其养分含量、养分释放动力学和营养价值。对淋滤液中回收的养分进行了表征，并将其视为潜在的植物可利用部分。人工淋溶结果表明，在190天的风化过程中，经明矾处理的家禽粪便每千克向淋滤液中释放了21.4克溶解有机碳、13.8克总溶解氮、0.6克总溶解磷和34.6克钾。主要的养分释放在前5周内发生，符合一级指数上升至最大值模型（对于溶解有机碳、总溶解磷、总溶解氮、铵态氮、钾离子、钠离子、氯离子和硫酸根离子）和对数方程（对于钙离子和镁离子）。经明矾处理的家禽粪便的营养价值估计为：氮13.8克·千克⁻¹；磷0.75克·千克⁻¹；钾34.6克·千克⁻¹；硫24.2克·千克⁻¹。粪便淋滤液中铝的浓度保持在0.2毫摩尔以下，因此无需担心铝的毒性。基于这些结果，建议以7.3吨·公顷⁻¹的用量施用经明矾处理的家禽粪便，以便为常见大田作物提供100千克·公顷⁻¹的氮供应，同时防止高磷土壤中磷的过量径流损失。
