Rodríguez-Artalejo Fernando, Banegas Banegas José R, Guallar-Castillón Pilar
Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España.
Rev Esp Cardiol. 2004 Feb;57(2):163-70.
Of all persons aged over 40 years, approximately 1% have heart failure. The prevalence of heart failure doubles with each decade of life, and is around 10% in persons over 70 years of age. In Spain, heart failure causes nearly 80,000 hospital admissions every year. As in other developed countries, heart failure is the most frequent cause of hospitalization among persons 65 years of age and over, and is responsible for 5% of all hospitalizations. The incidence of heart failure increases with age, and reaches 1% per year in those over 65. Heart failure is a progressive, lethal disorder, even with adequate treatment. Five-year survival is around 50%, which is no better than that for many cancers. In Spain, heart failure is the third leading cause of cardiovascular mortality, after coronary disease and stroke. In 2000, heart failure caused 4% of all deaths and 10% of cardiovascular deaths in men; the corresponding figures for women were 8% and 18%. In recent decades the prevalence and number of hospitalizations due to heart failure have increased steadily in developed countries. Heart failure will probably continue to increase in coming years: although its incidence has not materially decreased, survival is increasing due to better treatment. The control of risk factors for hypertension and ischemic heart disease, the main causes of heart failure in Spain, is the only method to halt the foreseeable increase in heart failure in the near future.
在所有40岁以上的人群中，约1%患有心力衰竭。心力衰竭的患病率随年龄每增长十岁便增加一倍，在70岁以上人群中约为10%。在西班牙，心力衰竭每年导致近80000人次住院。与其他发达国家一样，心力衰竭是65岁及以上人群中最常见的住院原因，占所有住院病例的5%。心力衰竭的发病率随年龄增长而增加，65岁以上人群中每年发病率达1%。心力衰竭是一种进行性致命疾病，即使接受适当治疗也是如此。五年生存率约为50%，并不比许多癌症的生存率高。在西班牙，心力衰竭是心血管疾病死亡的第三大主要原因，仅次于冠心病和中风。2000年，心力衰竭导致男性所有死亡病例的4%和心血管疾病死亡病例的10%；女性的相应数字分别为8%和18%。近几十年来，发达国家因心力衰竭导致的患病率和住院人数稳步上升。未来几年心力衰竭可能会继续增加：尽管其发病率没有实质性下降，但由于治疗改善，生存率正在提高。控制高血压和缺血性心脏病（西班牙心力衰竭的主要原因）的危险因素，是在不久的将来阻止心力衰竭可预见增加的唯一方法。
