Ohyama Kenji
Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medical and Engineering Sciences, University of Yamanashi.
Nihon Rinsho. 2004 Feb;62(2):379-84.
Transplacental and lactogenic exposure of fetus and neonate to exogenous hormones and endocrine disrupters can cause a range of abnormalities of the reproductive system including sex differentiation and sex maturation. Sex differentiation is critically dependent on the normal action of androgens and can be disturbed by unbalanced androgen/estrogen ratios. Androgenic substances masculinize female fetus. Progestogens act both as androgen antagonists, demasculinizing males, and as androgen agonists, masculinizing females. Transplacental exposure of male fetus to synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol is recognized to have led to increases in the incidence of cryptorchidism, hypospadia and decreased sperm counts. A growing number of endocrine disrupters have been found to possess either weak estrogenic, anti-androgenic or other hormonal activities. Increased exposure to environmental endocrine disrupters can cause male pseudohermaphroditism.
胎儿和新生儿经胎盘和通过乳汁接触外源性激素和内分泌干扰物会导致一系列生殖系统异常，包括性别分化和性成熟。性别分化严重依赖雄激素的正常作用，雄激素/雌激素比例失衡会干扰这一过程。雄激素物质会使雌性胎儿男性化。孕激素既作为雄激素拮抗剂使雄性胎儿去男性化，又作为雄激素激动剂使雌性胎儿男性化。已确认，雄性胎儿经胎盘接触合成雌激素己烯雌酚会导致隐睾症、尿道下裂发病率增加以及精子数量减少。越来越多的内分泌干扰物被发现具有弱雌激素活性、抗雄激素活性或其他激素活性。接触环境内分泌干扰物增加会导致男性假两性畸形。
