Paccagnella B
Società Italiana di Medicina di Famiglia e Comunità.
Ann Ig. 2003 Sep-Oct;15(5):469-75.
The A. describes synthetically the evolution of the job profiles of the GP in Italy as a consequence of the introduction of the NHS in 1978 and of the development of a new Primary Health Care (PHC) in the Health Districts of the Local Health Units. According to the national and regional Health Regulations the GP should adopt the holistic approach in the treatment of the patients with the involvement of the community for the PHC and with the integration of the formal and informal, private and public, social services. The efforts to change the traditional profile of the GP both for the global, holistic, approach to the patients and for the community approach to the health needs and for the health promotion of the individuals and of the community raised several continuing and basic educational problems. They showed the opportunity to introduce in Italy the accademic discipline Community Medicine and the post-graduated School of Community Medicine as a clinical specialization. The role and the functions of the specialist in Community Medicine are specifically connected with the development of the PHC.
本文综合描述了1978年意大利国家医疗服务体系（NHS）的引入以及地方卫生单位健康区新的初级卫生保健（PHC）的发展所导致的全科医生工作概况的演变。根据国家和地区的卫生法规，全科医生在治疗患者时应采用整体方法，让社区参与初级卫生保健，并整合正式和非正式、私人和公共的社会服务。为改变全科医生的传统形象所做的努力，无论是从对患者的整体、全面方法，还是从针对健康需求的社区方法以及对个人和社区的健康促进方面，都引发了一些持续且基本的教育问题。这些问题表明有机会在意大利引入社区医学这一学科以及作为临床专业的社区医学研究生学院。社区医学专家的角色和职能与初级卫生保健的发展密切相关。
