Nesser Tom W, Chen Shuping, Serfass Robert C, Gaskill Steven E
Indiana State University, Department of Physical Education, Terre Haute, Indiana 47809, USA.
J Strength Cond Res. 2004 Feb;18(1):63-71. doi: 10.1519/1533-4287(2004)018<0063:doubpi>2.0.co;2.
With the advent of the ski-skating technique, upper body power has increasingly been shown to be a major factor in cross-country skiing success. The purpose of this study was to evaluate 4 commonly used training methods (weight, circuit, rollerboard, and ski-specific training) for the development of upper body power (UBP) in junior cross-country skiers. Fifty-eight adolescent cross-country skiers (Boys: n = 29, age = 16.0 +/- 1.2 y and Girls: n = 29, age = 15.5 +/- 1.5 y) were assigned to one of the UBP training methods for a 10-week training program. Fourteen cross-country runners served as controls (boys: n = 7, age = 15.8 +/- 1.7 y; girls: n = 7, age = 14.9 +/- 1.3 y). Skiers were evaluated pre- and post-training for upper body strength (UBS) using a 10 repetition maximum (RM) rollerboard test, for UBP using a double-poling ergometer and for upper body endurance (UBE) with a 3-km, arms-only, rollerski endurance time trial. Competitive race results were collected during the winters before and after training as were all training data. Only the rollerboard training group improved significantly greater than the control group (p < 0.05) in UBP and UBS. Improvements in UBP, UPS, and UBE were significantly related (r = 0.545, 0.303, and 0.407, respectively) to improvements in competitive performance. These data suggest that training using a rollerboard with 5-12RM and explosive speed is more effective in developing UBP than other common training methods for adolescent cross-country skiers. The practical importance of these data was verified by the significant relationships between improvements in UBP, UBS, and UBE related to improvements in competitive race performance.
随着滑雪滑冰技术的出现，上半身力量越来越被证明是越野滑雪成功的一个主要因素。本研究的目的是评估4种常用的训练方法（举重、循环训练、轮滑板训练和专项滑雪训练）对青少年越野滑雪运动员上半身力量（UBP）发展的效果。58名青少年越野滑雪运动员（男孩：n = 29，年龄 = 16.0 +/- 1.2岁；女孩：n = 29，年龄 = 15.5 +/- 1.5岁）被分配到一种UBP训练方法中，进行为期10周的训练计划。14名越野跑运动员作为对照组（男孩：n = 7，年龄 = 15.8 +/- 1.7岁；女孩：n = 7，年龄 = 14.9 +/- 1.3岁）。在训练前后，使用10次重复最大值（RM）轮滑板测试评估滑雪运动员的上半身力量（UBS），使用双杖测力计评估UBP，使用3公里仅用手臂的轮滑耐力计时赛评估上半身耐力（UBE）。在训练前后的冬季收集比赛成绩以及所有训练数据。只有轮滑板训练组在UBP和UBS方面的改善明显大于对照组（p < 0.05）。UBP、UPS和UBE的改善与比赛成绩的提高显著相关（分别为r = 0.545、0.303和0.407）。这些数据表明，对于青少年越野滑雪运动员，使用5 - 12RM的轮滑板并结合爆发速度进行训练，在发展UBP方面比其他常见训练方法更有效。UBP、UBS和UBE的改善与比赛成绩提高之间的显著关系验证了这些数据的实际重要性。
