间歇性哺乳：对断奶前后仔猪和母猪性能的影响。

Intermittent suckling: effects on piglet and sow performance before and after weaning.

作者信息

Kuller W I, Soede N M, van Beers-Schreurs H M G, Langendijk P, Taverne M A M, Verheijden J H M, Kemp B

机构信息

Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.

出版信息

J Anim Sci. 2004 Feb;82(2):405-13. doi: 10.2527/2004.822405x.

DOI:10.2527/2004.822405x

PMID:14974537

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to study effects of intermittent suckling on creep feed intake and weight gain of litters. Loss of weight and backfat during lactation, as well as reproductive performance, were also measured. Batches of multiparous sows (Parity 1 to 12, 4.1 on average) were either suckled intermittently (IS, eight batches; n = 50) or continuously (control, eight batches; n = 62). Litters were weaned at 27 +/- 2 d of age, on average. Litter size (11.1 +/- 0.2 piglets, on average) was standardized within a batch within 3 d of birth. All litters had free access to creep feed and water from 1 wk of age onward. In the IS group, litters were separated from the sow for a period of 12 h/d (0930 to 2130), starting 11 d before weaning. Rectal ultrasonography was applied at d 3 after weaning to check the ovaries for follicle development or presence of corpora lutea. Creep feed intake by the litters during lactation was higher in IS litters than in control litters (686 +/- 57 vs. 314 +/- 42 g/piglet, P < 0.01). The distribution of creep feed intake shifted from a skewed one, with a majority of litters consuming less than 250 g/piglet in control litters, to a normal distribution, with an average creep feed intake of 500 to 750 g/piglet in IS litters. During the 7 d after weaning, creep feed intake in IS litters was also higher (281 +/- 15 vs. 204 +/- 9 g-piglet(-1) x d(-1), P < 0.01). The ADG of piglets during lactation was negatively affected by IS, resulting in lower weight at weaning (7,229 +/- 140 vs. 7,893 +/- 145 g/piglet, P < 0.05). During the 7 d after weaning, however, ADG was higher in IS litters (255 +/- 10 vs. 177 +/- 8 g-piglet-1 x d(-1), P < 0.01), and 7 d after weaning, the weights of the litters were similar (9,011 +/- 167 vs. 9,132 +/- 164 g/ piglet, P = 0.81). The IS litters that consumed little or no feed during lactation had an ADG after lactation that was higher than in control litters, with comparable creep feed intake during lactation: 204 vs. 136 g/d. Body weight loss by the sows during lactation was lower in IS sows (-10 +/- 2 vs. -16 +/- 1 kg, P < 0.05). A higher percentage of IS sows ovulated during lactation (22 vs. 3%, P < 0.01), and weaning-to-ovulation interval (excluding sows with lactational ovulation) was shorter in IS sows (4.7 +/- 0.2 vs. 5.3 +/- 0.2 d, P < 0.05). We conclude that IS increased creep feed intake during lactation, and that IS increased ADG after weaning, despite lower weaning weights. Ovulation during lactation was induced in 22% of the IS sows.

摘要

进行了一项实验，以研究间歇性哺乳对仔猪补饲采食量和窝增重的影响。还测定了哺乳期母猪的体重和背膘损失以及繁殖性能。将多胎母猪批次（胎次1至12，平均胎次4.1）分为两组，一组进行间歇性哺乳（IS组，8个批次；n = 50），另一组进行连续哺乳（对照组，8个批次；n = 62）。仔猪平均在27±2日龄断奶。每窝仔猪数量（平均11.1±0.2头）在出生后3天内按批次进行标准化。所有仔猪从1周龄起可自由采食补饲和饮水。在IS组中，从断奶前11天开始，仔猪每天与母猪分离12小时（09:30至21:30）。断奶后第3天应用直肠超声检查卵巢，以检查卵泡发育情况或黄体的存在。哺乳期IS组仔猪的补饲采食量高于对照组（686±57 vs. 314±42 g/仔猪，P < 0.01）。对照组仔猪补饲采食量分布呈偏态，大多数仔猪采食量低于250 g/仔猪，而IS组仔猪的补饲采食量分布呈正态，平均采食量为500至750 g/仔猪。断奶后7天内，IS组仔猪的补饲采食量也较高（281±15 vs. 204±9 g·仔猪⁻¹×d⁻¹，P < 0.01）。间歇性哺乳对哺乳期仔猪的平均日增重有负面影响，导致断奶时体重较低（7229±140 vs. 7893±145 g/仔猪，P < 0.05）。然而，断奶后7天内，IS组仔猪的平均日增重较高（255±10 vs. 177±8 g·仔猪⁻¹×d⁻¹，P < 0.01），断奶后7天，两组仔猪体重相似（9011±167 vs. 9132±164 g/仔猪，P = 0.81）。哺乳期补饲采食量很少或不采食的IS组仔猪，哺乳期后的平均日增重高于对照组，且哺乳期补饲采食量相当：204 vs. 136 g/d。IS组母猪哺乳期体重损失较低（-10±2 vs. -16±1 kg，P < 0.05）。IS组母猪哺乳期排卵的比例更高（22% vs. 3%，P < 0.01），且IS组母猪断奶至排卵间隔（不包括哺乳期排卵的母猪）更短（4.7±0.2 vs. 5.3±0.2天，P < 0.05）。我们得出结论，间歇性哺乳增加了哺乳期的补饲采食量，并且尽管断奶体重较低，但间歇性哺乳增加了断奶后的平均日增重。22%的IS组母猪在哺乳期诱导排卵。