哺乳期及哺乳期后颗粒直径对断奶前后仔猪采食量的影响。

Effects of pellet diameter during and after lactation on feed intake of piglets pre- and postweaning.

作者信息

van den Brand H, Wamsteeker D, Oostindjer M, van Enckevort L C M, van der Poel A F B, Kemp B, Bolhuis J E

机构信息

Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands

Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.

出版信息

J Anim Sci. 2014 Sep;92(9):4145-53. doi: 10.2527/jas.2014-7408.

DOI:10.2527/jas.2014-7408

PMID:25185217

Abstract

Effects of 2 pellet diameters for piglets pre- and postweaning on feed intake, BW, and feed-related behavior were studied in 3 experiments. In Exp. 1, 19 litters were provided with pellets of 2 and 12 mm in diameter in a choice-feeding setup from d 4 of lactation onward. From d 4 to 18, piglets preferred the 12-mm diameter pellet over the 2-mm diameter pellet (519 vs. 168 g/pen; P < 0.001). In Exp. 2, 39 litters were provided with creep feed of either 2- or 10-mm diameter pellets. Feed intake from d 3 to 17 was higher in litters provided the 10-mm diameter pellet than the 2-mm diameter pellet (1,752 vs. 1,101 g/pen; P < 0.001). Piglet BW at weaning did not differ between treatments. Treatment × day of lactation interactions were found for time spent eating, interest in eating, and time spent suckling. Time spent eating and interest in eating increased with time. This increase was lower in the litters provided with the 10-mm diameter pellet. Time spent suckling remained the same in litters provided with 2-mm diameter pellets but decreased in time in litters provided the 10-mm diameter pellets. Experiment 3 was set up as a 2 × 2 factorial design with pellet diameter both pre- and postweaning as factors. During lactation, 18 litters were provided creep feed of either 2 or 12 mm in pellet diameter. At weaning, each litter was split into 2 comparable half litters and each half litter was provided with feed of 2 or 12 mm in diameter. Feed intake was higher in the 12-mm diameter pellet litters than in the 2-mm ones from d 4 to 11 of lactation (P < 0.01). Pellet diameter provided after weaning did not affect BW gain or feed intake. Piglets provided the 12-mm diameter pellet before weaning, however, had a higher BW gain (2,060 vs. 2,606 g/pig; P = 0.003) and feed intake (2,772 vs. 3,173 g/pig; P = 0.04) and a lower feed conversion ratio (P = 0.03) between d 0 and 10 after weaning than piglets provided the 2-mm diameter pellet before weaning. Postweaning pellet diameter had no effect on BW gain or feed intake. Behavior was not affected by pellet diameter pre- and postweaning. We conclude that young piglets (<18 d of age) prefer pellets with a large diameter compared to very small pellets, as currently used in practice. Feed intake and BW gain after weaning were higher in piglets provided with a large pellet diameter during lactation, possibly due to the higher creep feed intake in early lactation.

摘要

在3个试验中研究了2种颗粒直径的饲料对断奶前后仔猪采食量、体重及与采食相关行为的影响。试验1中，从泌乳第4天起，为19窝仔猪提供直径2和12 mm的颗粒饲料，采用自由选择采食模式。从第4天至18天，仔猪更喜欢直径12 mm的颗粒饲料，而非2 mm的颗粒饲料（每栏分别采食519 g和168 g；P < 0.001）。试验2中，为39窝仔猪提供直径2或10 mm的开食料。从第3天至17天，采食直径10 mm颗粒饲料的仔猪窝采食量高于采食直径2 mm颗粒饲料的仔猪窝（每栏分别为1752 g和1101 g；P < 0.001）。不同处理间仔猪断奶体重无差异。在采食时间、采食兴趣和吮乳时间方面发现了处理×泌乳天数的交互作用。采食时间和采食兴趣随时间增加。采食直径10 mm颗粒饲料的仔猪窝增加幅度较小。采食直径2 mm颗粒饲料的仔猪窝吮乳时间保持不变，而采食直径10 mm颗粒饲料的仔猪窝吮乳时间随时间减少。试验3采用2×2析因设计，将断奶前后颗粒直径作为因素。泌乳期，为18窝仔猪提供直径2或12 mm的开食料。断奶时，将每窝仔猪分成2个可比的半窝，分别为每个半窝提供直径2或12 mm的饲料。从泌乳第4天至11天，采食直径12 mm颗粒饲料的仔猪窝采食量高于采食直径2 mm颗粒饲料的仔猪窝（P < 0.01）。断奶后提供的颗粒直径对体重增加或采食量无影响。然而，断奶前采食直径12 mm颗粒饲料的仔猪，在断奶后0至10天期间，体重增加（每头分别为2060 g和2606 g；P = 0.003）和采食量（每头分别为2772 g和3173 g；P = 0.04）更高，饲料转化率更低（P = 0.03），高于断奶前采食直径2 mm颗粒饲料的仔猪。断奶后颗粒直径对体重增加或采食量无影响。断奶前后颗粒直径对行为无影响。我们得出结论，与目前实际使用的非常小的颗粒饲料相比，幼龄仔猪（<18日龄）更喜欢大直径颗粒饲料。泌乳期提供大直径颗粒饲料的仔猪断奶后采食量和体重增加更高，这可能是由于泌乳早期开食料采食量更高。