Buwalda J G, Smith G S
MAFTech, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Private Bag, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Tree Physiol. 1987 Sep;3(3):295-307. doi: 10.1093/treephys/3.3.295.
Size, dry weight and mineral nutrient content of fruit, leaves, shoots, canes, leader, stem and roots of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C.F. Liang et A.R. Ferguson var. deliciosa) vines, aged from one to five years, were measured. The distribution of fruit yield among single canes was examined in three of the vines. Total dry weight increased from a mean of 1.29 kg vine(-1) for one-year-old vines to 29.2 kg vine(-1) for five-year-old vines. The proportion of total dry weight in roots declined from the first to the third year (55 to 40%) and then remained approximately constant, whereas the proportion of dry weight in fruits increased from the first to the third year before attaining a more or less constant value. The proportion of total canopy dry weight contained in the current season's growth (fruit, leaves and shoots) averaged 75% for all ages. Roots of five-year-old vines had only penetrated a small proportion of the total soil volume available. Total fruit yield increased linearly with number of floral shoots for whole vines and single canes within vines, but with cane size (length or dry weight) for whole vines only. The productivity of single canes declined from 2.5 kg m(-1) for canes shorter than 0.25 m to about 1.1 kg m(-1) for canes longer than 1.0 m, in accordance with a declining bud density with increasing cane length. For vines of all ages, mineral nutrient concentrations in various tissues were similar, except that Ca in leaves and S in leaves and shoots increased with vine age. Major sites of accumulation of N, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn and B were the leaves, whereas P and K accumulated predominantly in the fruits, Zn in the leader, and Na and Cu in the roots. Estimated annual mineral nutrient uptake increased with vine size and fruit yield, and for five-year-old vines the values per hectare were 141 kg N, 19 kg P, 169 kg K, 161 kg Ca, 28 kg Mg, 32 kg S, and less than 2 kg for Na and all micronutrients. The nutrient content of the harvested fruit provided an inaccurate estimate of annual nutrient uptake of the developing vines.
对一至五年生的猕猴桃（美味猕猴桃（A. Chev.）C.F. Liang和A.R. Ferguson变种美味猕猴桃）藤蔓的果实、叶片、新梢、茎蔓、主蔓、主干和根系的大小、干重及矿质养分含量进行了测定。在其中三株藤蔓上研究了单茎蔓上果实产量的分布情况。总干重从一年生藤蔓的平均1.29千克/株增加到五年生藤蔓的29.2千克/株。根系总干重所占比例从第一年到第三年下降（从55%降至40%），然后大致保持稳定，而果实干重所占比例从第一年到第三年增加，之后达到或多或少稳定的值。所有年龄的藤蔓当前季节生长（果实、叶片和新梢）中树冠总干重所占比例平均为75%。五年生藤蔓的根系仅穿透了可利用土壤总体积的一小部分。整个藤蔓和藤蔓内单茎蔓的果实总产量均随花梢数量线性增加，但整个藤蔓的果实总产量仅与茎蔓大小（长度或干重）有关。单茎蔓的生产力从长度小于0.25米的茎蔓的2.5千克/米下降到长度大于1.0米的茎蔓的约1.1千克/米，这与茎蔓长度增加时芽密度下降一致。对于所有年龄的藤蔓，除了叶片中的钙以及叶片和新梢中的硫随藤蔓年龄增加外，各组织中的矿质养分浓度相似。氮、钙、镁、硫、铁、锰和硼的主要积累部位是叶片，而磷和钾主要积累在果实中，锌积累在主蔓中，钠和铜积累在根系中。估计每年的矿质养分吸收量随藤蔓大小和果实产量增加，对于五年生藤蔓，每公顷的值分别为141千克氮、19千克磷、169千克钾、161千克钙、28千克镁、32千克硫，钠和所有微量养分均小于2千克。收获果实的养分含量并不能准确估计发育中藤蔓的年养分吸收量。
