Chipperfield Judith G, Campbell Darren W, Perry Raymond P
University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada;
J Aging Health. 2004 Feb;16(1):116-47. doi: 10.1177/0898264303260447.
Our purpose was to examine how stability/variability in perceptions of control (PC) relate to a variety of health-related variables.
PC stability/variability across multiple domains was assessed in a longitudinal design including 318 adults, 72 to 99 years of age.
PC and health-related measures were obtained during in-person interviews conducted approximately 3 months apart. PC variability was assessed in relation to self-reported health outcomes (perceived health, chronic health conditions, functional status) and objective measures of physician visits and hospitalizations recorded over a 4-year period in a highly reliable and comprehensive database.
PC variability was associated with poorer health, poorer functional status, and more physician visits and hospital admissions, even after statistically controlling for mean PC level and direction-of-change in PC.
Our findings suggest that health and well-being among very old individuals may be compromised by fluctuating levels of PC, or conversely, that stability in PC enhances health.
我们的目的是研究对控制感（PC）的认知稳定性/变异性如何与各种健康相关变量相关联。
在一项纵向研究中评估了多个领域的PC稳定性/变异性，该研究纳入了318名年龄在72至99岁之间的成年人。
在相隔约3个月进行的面对面访谈中获取PC和健康相关指标。在一个高度可靠且全面的数据库中，根据自我报告的健康结果（感知健康、慢性健康状况、功能状态）以及4年内记录的医生就诊和住院的客观指标评估PC变异性。
即使在对PC的平均水平和变化方向进行统计学控制之后，PC变异性仍与较差的健康状况、较差的功能状态以及更多的医生就诊和住院情况相关。
我们的研究结果表明，PC水平的波动可能会损害非常年长者的健康和幸福感，或者相反，PC的稳定性会促进健康。
