Ross Ann H, Slice Dennis E, Ubelaker Douglas H, Falsetti Anthony B
Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Campus Box 8107, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8107, USA.
J Forensic Sci. 2004 Jan;49(1):11-6.
Identification criteria, specifically discriminant function formulae derived from traditional craniometrics, currently used in South Florida for Cuban Americans and other "Hispanic" groups, are unsuitable to provide adequate biological profiles due to complex biological histories as well as widely diverse geographic origins. Florida's total population is approximately 16 million (15,982,378) individuals. Of the total population 2.682,715, or 16.8%, are self-identified as "Hispanic". South Florida (herein defined as Miami-Dade, Broward and Collier Counties) is home to 60% of the total Hispanic population of Florida with 1,291,737 (48.15%) residing in Miami-Dade County. The Hispanic population of Miami-Dade County makes up 57.0% of the total population of 2,253,362. Each recognized sub-group of Hispanics (Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban) includes its own geographic point-of-origin and population history. Cuban-Americans (arriving in the late 1950's and early 1960's) make up the largest sub-population of Florida's Hispanics in any county and in Miami-Dade number 650,601 or 51% of the total Latin population. Additionally, as in other agricultural states, Florida has a very large population of undocumented workers who primarily arrive from Texas and points south of the Straits of Florida. Thus the application of the available traditional craniometric and non-metric methods are not appropriate for South Florida's Latin population. To begin to address this issue in relation to South Florida's Cuban population, we present an analysis of cranio-facial shape variation in a 19th Century Cuban sample, 17th Century Spanish sample, a Precontact Cuban sample, and Terry Blacks using geometric morphometric methods. Significant biological shape differences and patterns of variation are observed among the groups. These results provide us with a context in which to begin to understand the biological variation of Cuban Americans, which will enable the development of identification criteria specific for this U.S. hybrid Hispanic community.
目前在南佛罗里达州用于古巴裔美国人及其他“西班牙裔”群体的识别标准，特别是源自传统颅骨测量学的判别函数公式，由于其复杂的生物历史以及广泛多样的地理起源，并不适合提供充分的生物学特征描述。佛罗里达州总人口约为1600万（15,982,378人）。在总人口中，有2,682,715人，即16.8%，自我认定为“西班牙裔”。南佛罗里达州（在此定义为迈阿密-戴德县、布劳沃德县和科利尔县）是佛罗里达州西班牙裔总人口的60%的所在地，其中1,291,737人（48.15%）居住在迈阿密-戴德县。迈阿密-戴德县的西班牙裔人口占2,253,362总 人口的57.0%。每个被认可的西班牙裔亚群体（墨西哥裔、波多黎各裔和古巴裔）都有其自己的地理起源点和人口历史。古巴裔美国人（在20世纪50年代末和60年代初抵达）是佛罗里达州任何一个县中西班牙裔最大的亚群体，在迈阿密-戴德县有650,601人，占拉丁裔总人口的51%。此外，与其他农业州一样，佛罗里达州有大量主要来自德克萨斯州和佛罗里达海峡以南地区的无证工人。因此，现有的传统颅骨测量和非测量方法不适用于南佛罗里达州的拉丁裔人口。为了开始解决与南佛罗里达州古巴人口相关的这个问题，我们使用几何形态测量方法对1个1９世纪古巴样本、1个17世纪西班牙样本、1个接触前古巴样本和特里黑人样本的颅面形状变异进行了分析。在这些群体中观察到了显著的生物形状差异和变异模式。这些结果为我们提供了一个背景，以便开始理解古巴裔美国人的生物变异，这将有助于制定针对这个美国混血西班牙裔社区的识别标准。
