Ackerman Brian P, Brown Eleanor D, Izard Carroll E
Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
Dev Psychol. 2004 Mar;40(2):204-16. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.40.2.204.
This longitudinal study examined the relations between multiple risk indexes representing contextual adversity, income-to-needs ratios, and the elementary school adjustment of children from economically disadvantaged families. The results provide evidence for volatility in family circumstances over 2-year intervals from preschool to 5th grade, for relations between the contextual risk indexes and change in externalizing behavior, and for relations between the income-to-needs ratios and change in academic competence. The results also show differences in the timing of the effects. Little evidence was found for persistence effects. Theoretical implications concern conceptualizations of the diverse and dynamic nature of the family circumstances experienced by disadvantaged children.
这项纵向研究考察了代表背景逆境的多个风险指标、收入需求比与经济弱势家庭儿童小学适应情况之间的关系。研究结果为从学前班到五年级的两年间隔内家庭环境的波动、背景风险指标与外化行为变化之间的关系以及收入需求比与学业能力变化之间的关系提供了证据。研究结果还显示了影响时间点的差异。几乎没有发现持续性影响的证据。理论意义涉及对弱势儿童所经历的家庭环境的多样性和动态性的概念化。
