Sinha V R, Goyal V, Bhinge J R, Mittal B R, Trehan A
University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 2003;20(6):431-60. doi: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.v20.i6.20.
Diagnostic methods have become increasingly complex and frequently involve the use of agents that must meet the same approval criteria as drugs. The search for diagnostic contrast agents has spread from X-ray to other imaging modalities, especially to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound. A wide variety of methods have been used to develop microencapsulated agents, from liposomal entrapment to use of biodegradable polymers. Various scientific and technological advancements have been made in the research and development of diagnostic microspheres. Diagnostic microspheres can be used to understand the human body functions in both healthy and sick people. For example, they allow the detection of malignancies vs. benign tissue changes. Diagnostic microspheres give useful clinical information for various diseases, are very stable, and have proven efficacy in the quantitative measurement of blood flow to an organ. This review discusses various aspects of diagnostic microspheres, such as the choice of contrast agents and radioactive molecules, and their applications in blood flow measurements and organ imaging.
诊断方法已变得越来越复杂，并且经常涉及使用必须符合与药物相同批准标准的制剂。诊断性造影剂的研究已从X射线扩展到其他成像方式，尤其是磁共振成像（MRI）和超声。从脂质体包封到使用可生物降解聚合物，各种各样的方法已被用于开发微囊化制剂。在诊断性微球的研发方面已取得了各种科学和技术进步。诊断性微球可用于了解健康人和病人的人体功能。例如，它们可用于检测恶性肿瘤与良性组织变化。诊断性微球可为各种疾病提供有用的临床信息，非常稳定，并且在器官血流定量测量中已证明具有疗效。本综述讨论了诊断性微球的各个方面，如造影剂和放射性分子的选择，以及它们在血流测量和器官成像中的应用。
