Singer Harvey S, Minzer Karen
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
Brain Dev. 2003 Dec;25 Suppl 1:S70-84. doi: 10.1016/s0387-7604(03)90012-x.
Despite a preponderance of evidence suggesting an organic rather than psychogenic origin for Tourette syndrome, the precise neurobiological abnormality remains speculative. Neuroanatomically, there is expanding confirmation that cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical pathways represent the site of origin for tics and accompanying neuropsychiatric problems. Pathophysiological hypothesis are generally defined based on involvement of (1) a specific anatomical site (striato-thalamic circuits, striatal compartments), (2) physiologic abnormality (excess thalamic excitation, impaired intracortical inhibition), or (3) involvement of a specific neurotransmitter or synaptic component. This review provides information essential for understanding current and future proposals pertaining to the neurobiology of this intriguing disorder.
尽管有大量证据表明抽动秽语综合征的起源是器质性而非心理性的，但确切的神经生物学异常仍具有推测性。在神经解剖学上，越来越多的确证表明皮质-纹状体-丘脑-皮质通路是抽动及伴随的神经精神问题的起源部位。病理生理学假说是基于以下因素的参与而大致确定的：（1）一个特定的解剖部位（纹状体-丘脑回路、纹状体分区）；（2）生理异常（丘脑过度兴奋、皮质内抑制受损）；或（3）一种特定神经递质或突触成分的参与。本综述提供了对于理解有关这种有趣疾病神经生物学的当前及未来提议至关重要的信息。
