Hoekstra P J, Anderson G M, Limburg P C, Korf J, Kallenberg C G M, Minderaa R B
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Center, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2004 Apr;61(7-8):886-98. doi: 10.1007/s00018-003-3320-4.
Tourette's syndrome is a childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by the presence of both multiple motor and vocal tics. While the pathogenesis at a molecular and cellular level remains unknown, structural and functional neuroimaging studies point to the involvement of the basal ganglia and related cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits as the neuroanatomical site for Tourette's syndrome. Moreover, Tourette's syndrome has a strong genetic component, and considerable progress has been made in understanding the mode of transmission and in identifying potential genomic loci. Summaries of recent findings in these areas will be reviewed, followed by a critical overview of findings both supporting and challenging the proposed autoimmune hypothesis of Tourette's syndrome. We conclude that Tourette's syndrome is a heterogeneous disorder, and that immune factors may indeed be involved in some patients.
抽动秽语综合征是一种起病于儿童期的神经精神障碍，其特征为存在多种运动性和发声性抽动。虽然分子和细胞水平的发病机制尚不清楚，但结构和功能神经影像学研究表明，基底神经节及相关的皮质-纹状体-丘脑-皮质回路参与其中，是抽动秽语综合征的神经解剖学部位。此外，抽动秽语综合征有很强的遗传成分，在理解其遗传方式和识别潜在基因组位点方面已经取得了相当大的进展。本文将综述这些领域的最新研究结果，随后对支持和质疑抽动秽语综合征自身免疫假说的研究结果进行批判性概述。我们得出结论，抽动秽语综合征是一种异质性疾病，免疫因素可能确实在一些患者中起作用。
