Hanson Karen L, Luciana Monica
Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Psychol Med. 2004 Feb;34(2):229-46. doi: 10.1017/s0033291703001132.
Use of MDMA (ecstasy), a serotonin neurotoxin, has been associated with memory impairment and psychological dysfunction. This study examined cognitive functioning in abstinent MDMA users and MDMA-naive controls.
Participants completed measures of intelligence, motor function, attention, memory span, verbal fluency, immediate and delayed verbal memory, and working memory. They were also assessed for the presence of psychopathology. In addition to comparing cognitive function in MDMA users relative to controls, the possibility that clinically dysfunctional MDMA use increases the risk of cognitive impairment was examined.
MDMA users exhibited relative deficits in mnemonic and executive functions. Additionally, users that met DSM-IV substance use disorder criteria for lifetime MDMA abuse or dependence exhibited a number of additional deficits relative to those who did not meet these criteria.
These findings suggest that clinically dysfunctional, rather than purely recreational, MDMA use is associated with cognitive impairment. Future research studies of diverse samples of users may shed light on the mechanisms that underlie these differences.
3,4－亚甲基二氧甲基苯丙胺（摇头丸）作为一种血清素神经毒素，其使用与记忆障碍和心理功能障碍有关。本研究调查了已戒除摇头丸的使用者及从未使用过摇头丸的对照者的认知功能。
参与者完成了智力、运动功能、注意力、记忆广度、语言流畅性、即时和延迟语言记忆以及工作记忆的测试。他们还接受了精神病理学检查。除了比较摇头丸使用者与对照者的认知功能外，还研究了临床上功能失调的摇头丸使用是否会增加认知障碍风险。
摇头丸使用者在记忆和执行功能方面表现出相对缺陷。此外，符合《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版（DSM-IV）中关于终身摇头丸滥用或依赖的物质使用障碍标准的使用者，相对于未符合这些标准的使用者，还表现出许多其他缺陷。
这些发现表明，临床上功能失调而非单纯娱乐性的摇头丸使用与认知障碍有关。未来对不同使用者样本的研究可能会揭示这些差异背后的机制。
