Qian D S, Liu Z S
Dept. of Pharmacology, Nantong Medical College.
Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 1992 Feb;12(2):95-8, 70.
The pharmacologic actions related to antimotion sickness effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe.) were studied. There was no significant effect on parameters of rotatory movement-induced electronystagmogram of rabbit after intravenous (i.v.) infection of ginger juice. The low amplitude fast wave pattern of electrocorticogram of rabbit changed to high amplitude slow wave pattern after i.v. injection of ginger juice. Rabbit gastric contraction in situ was shortly suppressed after ginger juice i.v. administration. In the isolated rat fundus strip preparations, however, ginger juice reduced the spontaneous contractile frequency, and enhanced the spontaneous contractile amplitude, which was followed by inhibition. Ginger juice produced longitudinal contraction of the guinea-pig isolated ileum, which was followed by rapid tachyphylaxis. This contraction effect was not affected by hexamethonium and 5-HT, but could be inhibited by cold storage, hyoscine, morphine, diphenhydramine, promethazine and substance P desensitization. Naloxone could eliminate this inhibition produced by morphine. By using dose-response relationship plot, non-competitive antagonisms were observed between ginger juice and Ach and between ginger juice and histamine in isolated guinea-pig ileum. It is suggested that the pungent constituents of ginger release substance P from sensory fibres. The released substance P in turn either stimulates cholinergic and histaminic neurons to release Ach and histamine, respectively, or produces direct muscle contraction by activating M and H1 receptors correspondingly. It is proposed that after being excited by substance P, M and H1 receptors are inactive temporarily and unable to be excited by agonists, therefore, ginger juice exhibits anticholinergic and antihistaminic action. Ginger juice produces antimotion sickness action possibly by central and peripheral anticholinergic and antihistaminic effects.
对生姜（姜科姜属植物姜Zingiber officinale Roscoe.）的抗晕动病作用相关药理作用进行了研究。静脉注射生姜汁后，对家兔旋转运动诱发的眼震电图参数无显著影响。静脉注射生姜汁后，家兔皮质电图的低幅快波型转变为高幅慢波型。静脉注射生姜汁后，家兔胃原位收缩短期内受到抑制。然而，在离体大鼠胃底条标本中，生姜汁降低了自发收缩频率，并增强了自发收缩幅度，随后出现抑制作用。生姜汁使豚鼠离体回肠产生纵向收缩，随后迅速出现快速耐受性。这种收缩作用不受六甲铵和5-羟色胺的影响，但可被冷藏、东莨菪碱、吗啡、苯海拉明、异丙嗪和P物质脱敏所抑制。纳洛酮可消除吗啡产生的这种抑制作用。通过剂量-反应关系图，在豚鼠离体回肠中观察到生姜汁与乙酰胆碱之间以及生姜汁与组胺之间存在非竞争性拮抗作用。提示生姜的辛辣成分从感觉纤维释放P物质。释放的P物质反过来要么刺激胆碱能和组胺能神经元分别释放乙酰胆碱和组胺，要么通过相应激活M受体和H1受体产生直接的肌肉收缩。提出P物质兴奋后，M受体和H1受体暂时失活，不能被激动剂兴奋，因此生姜汁表现出抗胆碱能和抗组胺作用。生姜汁可能通过中枢和外周抗胆碱能及抗组胺作用产生抗晕动病作用。
