Lucas Megan D, Drew Robert E, Wheeler Paul A, Verrell Paul A, Thorgaard Gary H
School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA.
Behav Genet. 2004 May;34(3):355-65. doi: 10.1023/B:BEGE.0000017879.68818.21.
Salmonid fish show considerable geographical variation in morphology, physiology, and behavior. Understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying this variation could be useful for enhancing aquaculture stocks, identifying unique populations for conservation, and determining the genetic factors underlying natural adaptation and domestication. As a first step toward the genetic dissection of salmonid behavioral diversity, we examined variation in behavior patterns among four clonal lines of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) derived from geographically diverse source populations with different domestication histories. Clonal lines were crossed with two outbred (i.e., not homozygous) females, and the resulting progenies were reared and tested under identical conditions. Clonal line had significant genetic effects on mean swim level, hiding, foraging, startle response, and aggression level. Multiple comparisons suggest that domestication history of the source populations had a strong influence on these behavior patterns. Progeny of two clonal lines derived from populations reared in captivity for over 100 years exhibited reductions in predator avoidance behavior patterns and increases in aggression compared to progeny of two clonal lines from more recently domesticated populations. These results will facilitate future investigation of the genetic factors underlying population variation in these behavior patterns influenced by domestication.
鲑科鱼类在形态、生理和行为方面表现出显著的地理变异。了解这种变异背后的遗传机制，对于改良水产养殖种群、识别需要保护的独特种群，以及确定自然适应和驯化背后的遗传因素可能会有所帮助。作为对鲑科鱼类行为多样性进行遗传剖析的第一步，我们研究了来自具有不同驯化历史、地理分布各异的源种群的四个虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）克隆系之间的行为模式差异。将克隆系与两只远交（即非纯合）雌性交配，所产后代在相同条件下饲养和测试。克隆系对平均游动水平、躲藏、觅食、惊吓反应和攻击水平有显著的遗传效应。多重比较表明，源种群的驯化历史对这些行为模式有很大影响。与来自近期驯化种群的两个克隆系的后代相比，来自圈养超过100年的种群的两个克隆系的后代在捕食者回避行为模式上有所减少，攻击行为有所增加。这些结果将有助于未来对受驯化影响的这些行为模式的种群变异背后的遗传因素进行研究。
