Becker H F, Mayer G, Penzel T
Schlafmedizinisches Labor, Klinik für Innere Medizin, Philipps-Universität Marburg.
Internist (Berl). 2004 Jan;45(1):57-81; quiz 82-3. doi: 10.1007/s00108-003-1108-0.
Normal sleep consists of 4-5 sleep cycles including light-, deep- and rapid eye-movement sleep. Restoration of physical and psychological function are the main effects of sleep. In most cases, disturbances of normal sleep become clinically evident as problems of initiating and maintaining sleep and/or as increased daytime sleepiness. Approximately 10% of adults suffer from pronounced insomnia, a similar percentage from markedly increased daytime sleepiness. Sleep disorders cause high socio-economic costs due to increased accident risk, cardiovascular sequelae and sick leave. Most of the 88 distinct diagnoses summarized in the international classification of sleep disorders can be differentiated and managed according to patients history. In patients with severe daytime sleepiness - sleep disordered breathing being the most frequent cause - the diagnostic evaluation and treatment in the sleep laboratory is required. Effective therapeutic strategies are available for many sleep disorders. According to the underlying disorder, treatment includes a variety of measures like life style changes, differentiated medical treatment and the use of nasally applied positive pressure in patients suffering from sleep disordered breathing.
正常睡眠由4至5个睡眠周期组成，包括浅睡眠、深睡眠和快速眼动睡眠。睡眠的主要作用是恢复身体和心理功能。在大多数情况下，正常睡眠障碍在临床上表现为入睡困难、睡眠维持困难和/或日间嗜睡增加。约10%的成年人患有严重失眠，类似比例的人日间嗜睡明显增加。由于事故风险增加、心血管后遗症和病假，睡眠障碍造成了高昂的社会经济成本。国际睡眠障碍分类中总结的88种不同诊断中的大多数可以根据患者病史进行区分和管理。对于严重日间嗜睡的患者——睡眠呼吸障碍是最常见的原因——需要在睡眠实验室进行诊断评估和治疗。对于许多睡眠障碍都有有效的治疗策略。根据潜在疾病，治疗包括多种措施，如生活方式改变、个体化药物治疗以及对睡眠呼吸障碍患者使用鼻内正压通气。
