McCartt Anne T, Northrup Veronika Shabanova
Preusser Research Group, Trumball, CT 06111, USA.
J Safety Res. 2004;35(1):29-38. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2003.09.016.
In the United States, teenage drivers have a higher crash risk and lower observed seat belt use than other age groups.
Seat belt use was examined for teenage (16-19 years) drivers who were fatally injured in traffic crashes occurring in the United States during the years 1995-2000. Vehicle, driver, and crash factors potentially related to belt use were examined. State differences in belt use rates among fatally injured teenage drivers were related to states' observed belt use rates for all ages and other state-level variables.
During 1995-2000, mean belt use was 36% among fatally injured teenage drivers and 23% among fatally injured teenage passengers. One of the strongest predictors of higher belt use for both drivers and passengers was whether the crash occurred in a state with a primary seat belt law. Belt use rates for 1995-2000 for fatally injured teenage drivers ranged from 20% or less in six states to more than 60% in two states. States with the highest use rates were those with strong primary belt use laws and those with high rates of observed belt use for all ages. Lower belt use among fatally injured teenage drivers was associated with increasing age; male drivers; drivers of SUVs, vans, or pickup trucks rather than cars; older vehicles; crashes occurring late at night; crashes occurring on rural roadways; single vehicle crashes; and drivers with BACs of 0.10 or higher. Teenage driver belt use declined as the number of teenage passengers increased, but increased in the presence of at least one passenger 30 years or older.
It is suggested that to increase teenage belt use, states should enact strong primary belt use laws and mount highly publicized efforts to enforce these laws. Graduated driver licensing systems should incorporate strong provisions that require seat belt use by teenage drivers and passengers.
在美国，青少年驾驶员比其他年龄组的驾驶员具有更高的撞车风险，且观察到的安全带使用率更低。
对1995年至2000年期间在美国发生的致命交通事故中受伤的青少年（16至19岁）驾驶员的安全带使用情况进行了检查。研究了可能与安全带使用相关的车辆、驾驶员和撞车因素。在致命受伤的青少年驾驶员中，各州安全带使用率的差异与该州所有年龄段观察到的安全带使用率及其他州级变量有关。
在1995年至2000年期间，致命受伤的青少年驾驶员中安全带的平均使用率为36%，致命受伤的青少年乘客中为23%。对于驾驶员和乘客而言，较高安全带使用率的最强预测因素之一是撞车事故是否发生在有安全带主用法律的州。1995年至2000年期间，致命受伤的青少年驾驶员的安全带使用率在六个州低至20%或更低，在两个州则超过60%。使用率最高的州是那些有强有力的安全带主用法律以及所有年龄段观察到的安全带使用率都很高的州。致命受伤的青少年驾驶员中较低的安全带使用率与年龄增长、男性驾驶员、运动型多用途汽车（SUV）、厢式货车或皮卡而非轿车的驾驶员、较旧车辆、深夜发生的撞车事故、农村道路上发生的撞车事故、单车撞车事故以及血液酒精浓度（BAC）为0.10或更高的驾驶员有关。随着青少年乘客数量的增加，青少年驾驶员的安全带使用率下降，但在至少有一名30岁或以上乘客在场时使用率会增加。
建议为提高青少年安全带使用率，各州应颁布强有力的安全带主用法律，并大力宣传以执行这些法律。分级驾驶员执照制度应纳入强有力的规定,要求青少年驾驶员和乘客使用安全带。
