Järv H, Naaber P, Kaur S, Eisen M, Silm H
Department of Clinical Microbiology, United Laboratories, Tartu University Clinics.
Mycoses. 2004 Feb;47(1-2):57-61. doi: 10.1046/j.1439-0507.2003.00947.x.
The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical features, predisposing factors and pathogens of toenail onychomycosis in Estonia. During study period we interviewed and examined 436 dermatological patients with clinical signs of toenail onychomycosis in all counties of Estonia. In 69% of cases, the clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis was confirmed by the mycological analysis. The most common clinical symptoms of onychomycosis both in mycologically proven and non-proven cases were discolorization of nail plate, hyperkeratosis and brittle nails. The number of infected toenails positively correlated with patients' age. On average, patient had 5.4 infected nails. In 78% of culture-positive cases, a dermatophyte was isolated as the causative agent, in 10% yeasts and in 7% moulds. In 6% of culture-positive cases we reported mixed infections. Trichophyton rubrum was the most common pathogen. The high occurrence of mixed infections, clinical symptoms characteristic to long lasting or chronic infection and high number of infected toenails indicate that Estonian patients have more advanced stage of toenail onychomycosis compared with other western and central European countries.
我们研究的目的是评估爱沙尼亚趾甲甲真菌病的临床特征、诱发因素和病原体。在研究期间，我们对爱沙尼亚所有县区436例有趾甲甲真菌病临床症状的皮肤科患者进行了访谈和检查。在69%的病例中，甲真菌病的临床诊断通过真菌学分析得以证实。在真菌学确诊和未确诊的病例中，甲真菌病最常见的临床症状均为甲板变色、角化过度和指甲变脆。感染趾甲的数量与患者年龄呈正相关。平均而言，患者有5.4个感染趾甲。在78%培养阳性的病例中，分离出皮肤癣菌作为病原体，10%为酵母菌，7%为霉菌。在6%培养阳性的病例中，我们报告了混合感染。红色毛癣菌是最常见的病原体。混合感染的高发生率、长期或慢性感染的特征性临床症状以及感染趾甲数量众多，表明与其他西欧和中欧国家相比，爱沙尼亚患者的趾甲甲真菌病处于更晚期阶段。
