Øverby Nina C, Lillegaard Inger T L, Johansson Lars, Andersen Lene F
Institute for Nutrition Research, University of Oslo, Box 1046, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
Public Health Nutr. 2004 Apr;7(2):285-93. doi: 10.1079/PHN2003515.
It is debated whether the intake of added sugar displaces micronutrient-rich foods and dilutes the nutrient density of the diet, and whether there is a link between sugar and the increased rate of obesity. The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of added sugar on the intakes of energy, micronutrients, fruit and vegetables, and to examine the association between intake of added sugar and age, sex, body mass index, physical activity, inactivity and parents' education.
Participants recorded their food intake in pre-coded food diaries for 4 days and filled in a questionnaire about physical activity, watching television (TV)/using a personal computer (PC) and parents' education.
Three hundred and ninety-one 4-year-olds, 810 students in the 4th grade (9 years old) and 1005 in the 8th grade (13 years old) were included in the study.
The intakes of all nutrients, except alpha-tocopherol among 4-year-olds and vitamin C among 4-year-olds and 4th graders, decreased with increasing content of added sugar in the diet. Moreover, high consumers of added sugar had a 30-40% lower intake of fruit and vegetables than did low consumers. A negative association was observed between consumption of added sugar and body mass index among girls in the 8th grade (P=0.013), whereas a positive association was observed among 4-year-old boys (P=0.055). Associations between physical activity, hours spent watching TV/using a PC, parents' education and the energy intake from added sugar varied in the different age groups.
This study showed a negative association between the intake of added sugar and intakes of micronutrients, fruit and vegetables. The negative association between sugar intake and intake of fruit and vegetables is important from a public health perspective, since one of the main health messages today is to increase current intake of fruit and vegetables.
关于添加糖的摄入是否会取代富含微量营养素的食物并降低饮食的营养密度，以及糖与肥胖率上升之间是否存在关联，目前仍存在争议。本研究的目的是探讨添加糖对能量、微量营养素、水果和蔬菜摄入量的影响，并研究添加糖摄入量与年龄、性别、体重指数、身体活动、久坐不动以及父母教育程度之间的关联。
参与者在预先编码的食物日记中记录4天的食物摄入量，并填写一份关于身体活动、看电视/使用个人电脑以及父母教育程度的问卷。
本研究纳入了391名4岁儿童、810名四年级（9岁）学生和1005名八年级（13岁）学生。
除了4岁儿童中的α-生育酚以及4岁儿童和四年级学生中的维生素C外，所有营养素的摄入量均随着饮食中添加糖含量的增加而降低。此外，高添加糖消费者的水果和蔬菜摄入量比低添加糖消费者低30%-40%。在八年级女生中，添加糖的摄入量与体重指数之间存在负相关（P=0.013），而在4岁男孩中则存在正相关（P=0.055）。身体活动、看电视/使用个人电脑的时间、父母教育程度与添加糖的能量摄入量之间的关联在不同年龄组中有所不同。
本研究表明添加糖的摄入量与微量营养素、水果和蔬菜的摄入量之间存在负相关。从公共卫生角度来看，糖摄入量与水果和蔬菜摄入量之间的负相关很重要，因为当今主要的健康信息之一是增加目前水果和蔬菜的摄入量。
