Leitenberg Harold, Gibson Laura E, Novy Pamela L
Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405-0134, USA.
Child Abuse Negl. 2004 Feb;28(2):181-92. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2003.08.005.
The purpose of the current study was to determine if a history of greater exposure to different types of adverse and/or abusive experiences in childhood would influence coping strategies used by undergraduate women to deal with new stressful events in young adulthood.
A sample of 828 women undergraduates from a New England state university participated in this questionnaire study. Disengagement and engagement coping strategies used in response to recent stressors were compared in groups who had none, one, two, or three or more types of adverse and/or abusive childhood experiences (sexual abuse, physical abuse, witnessing domestic violence, having an alcoholic parent, and parental rejection).
There was an increased reliance on disengagement methods of coping (wishful thinking, problem avoidance, social withdrawal, and self-criticism) as a function of more extensive child abuse histories. Engagement methods of coping (problem solving, cognitive restructuring, social support, and express-emotions), however, did not show a corresponding decrease as a function of increased exposure to different types of childhood stressors and/or abuse.
This study demonstrates that undergraduate women with cumulative adverse and/or abusive childhood histories are particularly at-risk of relying on maladaptive disengagement coping strategies to deal with various new stressors later in life.
本研究旨在确定童年时期更多地接触不同类型的不良和/或虐待经历是否会影响本科女生应对成年早期新压力事件所采用的应对策略。
来自新英格兰一所州立大学的828名本科女生参与了这项问卷调查研究。将近期压力源下采用脱离和参与应对策略的情况，在没有童年不良和/或虐待经历、有1种、2种、3种或更多种童年不良和/或虐待经历（性虐待、身体虐待、目睹家庭暴力、有酗酒的父母以及父母拒绝）的组间进行比较。
随着童年虐待经历的增加，对脱离应对方式（如意算盘、问题回避、社交退缩和自我批评）的依赖也增加。然而，参与应对方式（解决问题、认知重构、社会支持和表达情绪）并未随着接触不同类型童年压力源和/或虐待的增加而相应减少。
本研究表明，童年有累积不良和/或虐待经历的本科女生，在成年后期特别容易依赖适应不良的脱离应对策略来应对各种新的压力源。
