Conant Richard, Schauss Alexander G
Technical and Regulatory Affairs, Life Sciences Division, American Institute for Biosocial and Medical Research, Inc. (AIBMR), Puyallup, WA 98373, USA.
Altern Med Rev. 2004 Mar;9(1):17-31.
Citicoline (CDP-choline; cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine), a form of the essential nutrient choline, shows promise of clinical efficacy in elderly patients with cognitive deficits, inefficient memory, and early-stage Alzheimer's disease. Citicoline has also been investigated as a therapy in stroke patients, although the results of trials to date are inconclusive. Produced endogenously, citicoline serves as a choline donor in the metabolic pathways for biosynthesis of acetylcholine and neuronal membrane phospholipids, chiefly phosphatidylcholine. The principal components of citicoline, choline and cytidine, are readily absorbed in the GI tract and easily cross the blood-brain barrier. Exogenous citicoline, as the sodium salt, has been researched in animal experiments and human clinical trials that provide evidence of its cholinergic and neuroprotective actions. As a dietary supplement, citicoline appears useful for improving both the structural integrity and functionality of the neuronal membrane that may assist in membrane repair. This review, while not intended to be exhaustive, highlights the published, peer-reviewed research on citicoline with brief discussions on toxicology and safety, mechanisms of action, and pharmacokinetics.
胞磷胆碱（CDP - 胆碱；胞苷5'-二磷酸胆碱），一种必需营养素胆碱的形式，在患有认知缺陷、记忆力减退和早期阿尔茨海默病的老年患者中显示出临床疗效的前景。胞磷胆碱也已作为中风患者的一种治疗方法进行研究，尽管迄今为止试验结果尚无定论。胞磷胆碱内源性产生，在乙酰胆碱和神经元膜磷脂（主要是磷脂酰胆碱）生物合成的代谢途径中作为胆碱供体。胞磷胆碱的主要成分胆碱和胞苷在胃肠道中易于吸收，并能轻松穿过血脑屏障。作为钠盐的外源性胞磷胆碱已在动物实验和人体临床试验中进行了研究，这些研究提供了其胆碱能和神经保护作用的证据。作为一种膳食补充剂，胞磷胆碱似乎有助于改善神经元膜的结构完整性和功能，可能有助于膜修复。本综述并非详尽无遗，而是突出了已发表的、经过同行评审的关于胞磷胆碱的研究，并对毒理学和安全性、作用机制及药代动力学进行了简要讨论。
