Updegraff John A, Gable Shelly L, Taylor Shelley E
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, US.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2004 Mar;86(3):496-504. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.86.3.496.
Two studies examined how dispositional approach-related and avoidance-related motivations moderate the degree to which people base satisfaction judgments on past experiences of positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA). Using both laboratory-based (Study 1) and experience sampling (Study 2) methodologies, the authors found that high approach participants, as compared with low approach participants, made satisfaction ratings that were more strongly tied to PA. In contrast, avoidance-related motivations did not moderate the degree to which satisfaction ratings were based on either PA or NA. Results indicate that approach motivations may influence well-being not only through emotion over time but also through the degree to which people weight particular emotional experiences in broader judgments of satisfaction.
两项研究考察了与倾向相关的进取动机和回避动机如何调节人们在多大程度上依据积极情感（PA）和消极情感（NA）的过往经历做出满意度判断。作者通过实验室研究（研究1）和经验抽样法（研究2）发现，与低进取参与者相比，高进取参与者做出的满意度评分与积极情感的关联更强。相比之下，回避相关动机并未调节满意度评分基于积极情感或消极情感的程度。结果表明，进取动机不仅可能通过一段时间内的情绪来影响幸福感，还可能通过人们在更广泛的满意度判断中对特定情感经历的重视程度来影响幸福感。
