Roderick G K
Center for Conservation Research and Training, University of Hawaii, Honolulu 96822, USA.
Annu Rev Entomol. 1996;41:325-52. doi: 10.1146/annurev.en.41.010196.001545.
Geographic structure of populations is a fundamental component of ecology and evolution that combines both demographic and genetic processes, such as gene flow and migration, genetic drift, selection, and population extinction. Recent advances in both molecular biology and theory have revolutionized the field and have not only expanded the availability of data but also facilitated the accessibility and interpretation of current data. These new techniques allow analysis of genetic similarity among populations to be coupled with phylogeography and the distribution of genotypes within and among populations relative to the history of those genotypes. The numerous case studies described herein illustrate the growing impact of geographic structure on insect science, as well as the importance of insect model systems for understanding general concepts in ecology and evolution.
种群的地理结构是生态学和进化的一个基本组成部分，它结合了人口统计学和遗传过程，如基因流动和迁移、遗传漂变、选择以及种群灭绝。分子生物学和理论方面的最新进展彻底改变了这一领域，不仅增加了数据的可获得性，还促进了当前数据的可及性和解读。这些新技术使得对种群间遗传相似性的分析能够与系统发育地理学以及基因型在种群内部和种群之间的分布（相对于这些基因型的历史）相结合。本文所述的众多案例研究说明了地理结构对昆虫科学日益增长的影响，以及昆虫模型系统对于理解生态学和进化中的一般概念的重要性。
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