Hilton J L, von Hippel W
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, USA.
Annu Rev Psychol. 1996;47:237-71. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.47.1.237.
The stereotyping literature within psychology has grown considerably over the past decade. In large part, this growth can be attributed to progress in understanding the individual mechanisms that give rise to stereotypic thinking. In the current review, the recent psychological literature on stereotypes is reviewed, with particular emphasis given to the cognitive and motivational factors that contribute to stereotype formation, maintenance, application, and change. In addition, the context-dependent function of stereotypes is highlighted, as are the representational issues that various models of stereotypes imply.
在过去十年中,心理学领域关于刻板印象的文献数量大幅增长。很大程度上,这种增长可归因于在理解引发刻板印象思维的个体机制方面取得的进展。在当前这篇综述中,我们回顾了近期心理学领域关于刻板印象的文献,特别强调了促成刻板印象形成、维持、应用及改变的认知和动机因素。此外,还突出了刻板印象的情境依赖功能,以及各种刻板印象模型所隐含的表征问题。