Fu Frank H, Fung Lena
Faculty of Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
Prev Med. 2004 Apr;38(4):458-67. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2003.11.022.
To better understand the cardiovascular health and leisure-time physical activity of residents in major metropolitan cities in China, 2196 subjects (39.0 +/- 10.7 years) who lived in Beijing, Shanghai and Hong Kong were investigated.
During the months of January to June 2001, residents of the three cities who went through annual medical examinations at participating hospitals and exercise physiology laboratories were recruited as subjects, with a target of 800-900 subjects per city. Data on their behavior and health-related cardiovascular heart disease (CHD) risk factors were assessed.
It was found that over 80% of the subjects were sedentary (participating less than 90 min/week in leisure physical activity). The percentages of subjects having three or more cardiovascular heart disease risk factors were highest in Beijing (72.2%), followed by Shanghai (53.5%) and then Hong Kong (29.3%), suggesting that the cardiovascular health of Hong Kong residents was the best. It was noted that while all cities have similar health problems, there were significant differences in CHD risk factor due to geographical differences: Beijing residents smoked, drank, had high serum cholesterol and did not exercise; Shanghai residents had high blood pressure and drank; and Hong Kong residents were overweight and had lower HDL level. It was found that as subjects grew older, their cardiovascular health became worse. Gender differences were also observed-female subjects have generally fewer CHD risk factors and thus better health than male subjects. A model to examine the effects of age and behavior-related factors on health was developed for each city. Implications on planning strategies and primary prevention programs of CHD were discussed, in light of intervening identified risk factors.
为了更好地了解中国主要大城市居民的心血管健康状况和休闲时间身体活动情况，对居住在北京、上海和香港的2196名受试者（39.0±10.7岁）进行了调查。
在2001年1月至6月期间，招募了在参与研究的医院和运动生理学实验室进行年度体检的这三个城市的居民作为受试者，每个城市的目标受试者人数为800 - 900名。评估了他们的行为以及与健康相关的心血管疾病（CHD）风险因素的数据。
发现超过80%的受试者久坐不动（每周休闲身体活动时间少于90分钟）。患有三种或更多心血管疾病风险因素的受试者比例在北京最高（72.2%），其次是上海（53.5%），然后是香港（29.3%），这表明香港居民的心血管健康状况最佳。值得注意的是，虽然所有城市都存在类似的健康问题，但由于地域差异，冠心病风险因素存在显著差异：北京居民吸烟、饮酒、血清胆固醇高且不运动；上海居民患有高血压且饮酒；香港居民超重且高密度脂蛋白水平较低。研究发现，随着受试者年龄的增长，他们的心血管健康状况会变差。还观察到了性别差异——女性受试者的冠心病风险因素通常较少，因此健康状况优于男性受试者。为每个城市建立了一个模型，以研究年龄和行为相关因素对健康的影响。根据已确定的风险因素进行干预，讨论了对冠心病规划策略和一级预防项目的启示。
