Cash C J C, Berman L H, Treece G M, Gee A H, Prager R W
University Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
Br J Radiol. 2004 Mar;77(915):236-42. doi: 10.1259/bjr/13096559.
Ultrasound was used to assess a needle-free injection device for both intradermal and subcutaneous injections. The aim of this study was, first, to differentiate intradermal from subcutaneous injections, both in vivo and in vitro using 2D ultrasound, and second, to quantify the amount of injectate that actually arrives within the dermis or subcutaneous tissues using volume measurements derived from high-resolution 3D ultrasound data sets, using a freehand system (Stradx), developed by the Cambridge University Departments of Engineering and Radiology. For the in vitro study the devices were filled with dye and injected into a pig preparation. The injection site was examined with high-resolution ultrasound and subsequently dissected to locate the injected dye with respect to the dermis. For the in vivo study, 8 volunteers received needle-free injections of normal saline. High-resolution 2D images and 3D data sets were obtained of the injected sites. Proprioceptive information for the 3D data sets was produced using an optically tracked freehand system. Segmentation of the 3D data sets gave an estimation of the volume of injected material (injectate) within the dermis. The results demonstrated that 2D ultrasound could identify the location of the injectate in the in vitro experiments and successfully distinguished an intradermal from a subcutaneous injection. In the in vivo study, 2D ultrasound clearly demonstrated the injectate location within the volunteers' dermis but was less able to demonstrate the dispersion of injectate within the subcutaneous tissues.
超声被用于评估一种用于皮内和皮下注射的无针注射装置。本研究的目的，其一，使用二维超声在体内和体外区分皮内注射和皮下注射；其二，使用由剑桥大学工程系和放射学系开发的徒手系统（Stradx），通过从高分辨率三维超声数据集中获取的体积测量值，量化实际到达真皮或皮下组织内的注射量。在体外研究中，将装置填充染料后注射到猪的标本中。用高分辨率超声检查注射部位，随后进行解剖以确定注射染料相对于真皮的位置。在体内研究中，8名志愿者接受了无针生理盐水注射。获取了注射部位的高分辨率二维图像和三维数据集。使用光学跟踪徒手系统生成三维数据集的本体感觉信息。对三维数据集进行分割可估计真皮内注射物质（注射量）的体积。结果表明，二维超声在体外实验中能够识别注射量的位置，并成功区分皮内注射和皮下注射。在体内研究中，二维超声清楚地显示了志愿者真皮内的注射量位置，但较难显示皮下组织内注射量的扩散情况。
