Etienne-Manneville Sandrine
CNRS-UMR144-Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris CEDEX 05, France.
J Cell Sci. 2004 Mar 15;117(Pt 8):1291-300. doi: 10.1242/jcs.01115.
All cell types polarize, at least transiently, during division or to generate specialized shapes and functions. This capacity extends from yeast to mammals, and it is now clear that many features of the molecular mechanisms controlling polarization are conserved in all eukaryotic cells. At the centre of the action is Cdc42, a small GTPase of the Rho family. Its activity is precisely controlled both temporally and spatially, and this can be achieved by a wide variety of extracellular cues in multicellular organisms. Moreover, although the functional characteristics of cell polarity are extremely variable (depending on the cell type and the biological context), Cdc42 has an amazing capacity to co-ordinate the control of multiple signal transduction pathways.
所有细胞类型在分裂过程中或为了产生特殊的形状和功能时，至少会短暂地发生极化。这种能力从酵母延伸到哺乳动物，现在很清楚的是，控制极化的分子机制的许多特征在所有真核细胞中都是保守的。发挥核心作用的是Cdc42，一种Rho家族的小GTP酶。其活性在时间和空间上都受到精确控制，在多细胞生物中，这可以通过多种细胞外信号来实现。此外，尽管细胞极性的功能特征极具变异性（取决于细胞类型和生物学背景），但Cdc42具有惊人的能力来协调对多个信号转导途径的控制。
